Table 2.

General characteristics of the study population's healthcare costs and utilization categorized by frailty status at the 2008 baseline.

Variables	Frailty
	Low risk	Moderate risk	Severe risk	P-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Total (N = 3578)	N = 2076	N = 1420	N = 82
Cost (in ₩)
Total cost	363,333 ± 1,156,606	522,169 ± 1,454,733	1,394,756 ± 2,665,075	0.0003
Inpatient cost	236,373 ± 1,047,835	376,965 ± 1,385,201	1,095,366 ± 2,527,157	0.0004
Outpatient cost	126,961 ± 462,566	145,204 ± 370,356	299,390 ± 821,867	0.2262
Utilization
Inpatient use	0.13 ± 0.5	0.24 ± 0.7	0.73 ± 1.3	< .0001
Length of stay	1.95 ± 8.6	4.48 ± 17.6	22.48 ± 50.8	< .0001
Outpatient use	9.34 ± 15.3	15.22 ± 31.7	16.00 ± 31.0	0.1476
Cost per utilization (in ₩)
Inpatient use	201,504 ± 905,747	292,266 ± 1,111,316	690,203 ± 1,252,232	0.0426
Outpatient use	12,465 ± 42,017	14,640 ± 139,272	35,826 ± 177,466	0.4202