Fig. 2.

Glucose metabolism in the metabolic homeostasis of stem cells. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are the main sources of ATP in stem cells. Stem cells usually exist in anaerobic or hypoxic environments and therefore rely primarily on glycolysis for glucose metabolism. However, differentiated cells are often located in places where oxygen is more abundant, and the main mode of glucose metabolism shifts to oxidative phosphorylation. Created with BioRender. GLUT glucose transporter, ADP adenosine diphosphate, ATP adenosine triphosphate, NAD + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, ROS reactive oxygen species, α-KG α-ketoglutarate, OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation