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. 2023 Dec 1;15:52. doi: 10.1038/s41368-023-00262-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Amino acid metabolism in the metabolic homeostasis of stem cells. Amino acid metabolism involves the synthesis and degradation of amino acids and plays a crucial role in various processes in stem cells. The GCN2-eIF2α axis, PPM1K, arginine, and serine play important roles in stem cell homeostasis through amino acid metabolism. Created with BioRender. PPM1K protein phosphatase Mg^2 + /Mn²⁺-dependent 1K, GCN2-eIF2α axis general control nonderepressible 2-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α axis, HK1 hexokinase 1, VDAC1 voltage-dependent anion channel 1