Fig. 4. Schematic diagram illustrating the potential connection between and TLR signaling pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and necroptosis.

ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, DAMPs danger-associated molecular patterns, FADD Fas-associated protein with death domain, IKKα IκB kinase-α, IKKβ IκB kinase-β, IL-1β interleukin 1-beta, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like, NLRP3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, PAPMs pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ZBP1 Z-DNA Binding Protein 1.