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. 2023 Aug 7;44(12):2358–2375. doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01123-5

Fig. 5. Drugs that exert therapeutic effects on AS through TLRs and their related pathways.

Fig. 5

GNP gold nanoparticles, HDL-like NP high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles, IRAKs interleukin-1 receptor kinases, IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3, IRF7 interferon regulatory factor 7, LPS lipopolysaccharide; miRNA, MicroRNA, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B, PCSK9 Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, SMIs Small molecule inhibitors, TIRAP toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein, TRAF3 tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3, TRAF6 tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, TRAM TRIF-associated junction molecule, TRIF toll receptor-associated interferon activator.