Skip to main content
. 2023 Dec 1;14(12):787. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06319-5

Fig. 1. HDAC4 and 5 are increased in models of lipotoxicity.

Fig. 1

A Total Ceramide, Diglyceride (DG) and triglyceride (TG) lipids in C2C12 myotubes treated with 0 mM (BSA vehicle), 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM palmitate (PA) for 16 h (One-way ANOVA; Cer p < 0.0001 (F(2,14) = 73.86), DG p < 0.0001 (F(2,14) = 38.50), TG p < 0.0017 (F(2,14) = 10.38), significant Tukey’s multiple comparisons shown). B Ppargc1a gene expression in C2C12 myotubes treated with 0 mM, 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM PA for 16 h (One-way ANOVA p < 0.0161 (F(2,21) = 5.054), significant Tukey’s multiple comparisons shown). C Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in C2C12 myotubes treated with 0 mM, 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM PA for 16 h (One-way ANOVA p < 0.0255 (F(2,25) = 4.262), significant Tukey’s multiple comparisons shown). D Representative western blots and HDAC4 and 5 protein in C2C12 myotubes treated with 0 mM, 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM PA for 16 h (HDAC4, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.049 (X2 = 5.591), significant Dunn’s multiple comparison shown; HDAC5, One-way ANOVA, p = 0.038 (F(2,6) = 5.903), significant Tukey’s multiple comparisons shown). E Total Cer, DG and TG lipids in tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle of Control and db/db mice (Unpaired t-tests). F Ppargc1a gene expression in TA skeletal muscle of Control and db/db mice. G Basal, substrate and ADP-driven OCR in biopsies of the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of Control and db/db mice (Two-way ANOVA, genotype F(1,33) = 4.166). H Representative western blots (two biological replicates per group) and HDAC4 and 5 protein in TA skeletal muscle of Control and db/db mice (Unpaired t-tests). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 3–6 biological replicates per group for cell experiments and 6–8 per group for animal experiments.