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. 2023 Dec 1;14(12):787. doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-06319-5

Fig. 2. Overexpression of HDAC4 and 5 in skeletal muscle suppresses Pppargc1a expression and oxidative capacity.

Fig. 2

A The bilateral AAV6 HDAC4 and 5 overexpression mouse model. B Hdac4 and Hdac5 gene expression in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle (Paired t-tests). C HDAC4 and 5 protein in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing TA skeletal muscle. D Ppargc1a gene expression in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing TA skeletal muscle (Paired t-tests). E Metabolic gene expression in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing TA skeletal muscle (Paired t-tests). F Respiratory chain complex subunit protein in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing TA skeletal muscle (Paired t-tests). G Basal, succinate and ADP-driven oxygen consumption rate (OCR) from biopsies of Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing gastrocnemius skeletal muscle (Two-way ANOVA, genotype F(1,43) = 5.417). H Basal, malate and ADP-driven OCR from biopsies of Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing gastrocnemius skeletal muscle (Two-way ANOVA, genotype F(1,37) = 9.661). I Ceramide (Cer), diglyceride (DG), triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), phosphoglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids in Control and HDAC4 and 5 overexpressing TA skeletal muscle. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4–6 per group.