Table 2.
Self-reported demographic and clinical characteristics of MDC population at baseline
| Characteristic (% or mean) | Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | Cohort 3 | All cohorts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 187 | n = 112 | n = 489 | n = 788 | |
| Age in years | 28 | 30 | 31 | 29 |
| White only | 73.3 | 86.7 | 86.1 | 83.1 |
| Black/African American only | 1.6 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 2.9 |
| More than one race | 18.2 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 10.8 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 8.6 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 11.4 |
| Less than high school | 16.6 | 17.7 | 19.4 | 18.5 |
| Unemployed | 74.3 | 67.3 | 69.9 | 70.6 |
| Monthly income | $691.67 | $1,187.59 | $767.15 | $882.13 |
| Unstably housed | 59.9 | 74.3 | 54.4 | 58.6 |
| Percentage of people currently pregnant | 100.0 | 92.9 | 49.1 | 67.4 |
| Percentage of families with at least 1 child | 65.2 | 57.5 | 83.4 | 75.4 |
| Of those with children, % with a child in protective custody | 47.5 | 43.1 | 41.2 | 42.9 |
| Used drugs at least weekly past year | 82.4 | 74.3 | 50.9 | 61.7 |
| Ever overdosed in lifetime | 56.2 | 48.7 | 50.9 | 51.8 |
| Physical abuse in lifetime | 82.1 | 69.2 | 74.2 | 75.2 |
| Sexual molestation/rape in lifetime | 69.0 | 58.5 | 59.5 | 62.3 |
| 1+ traumatic events as minor | 80.2 | 71.7 | 69.7 | 73.9 |
| Depression in lifetime | 82.4 | 73.5 | 71.4 | 74.3 |
| Anxiety in lifetime | 89.3 | 83.2 | 85.1 | 85.8 |
| Suicide attempts in lifetime | 26.7 | 27.4 | 25.6 | 26.1 |
| Meets clinical PTSD criteria | 45.5 | 31.0 | 31.1 | 34.5 |
| Multiple problems countb | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.10 | 3.7 |
aEvaluation data presented in Table 2 were collected through October 3, 2021 (N = 788). This represents a subset of the total program population enrolled during the 2022 funding cycle ending September 30, 2022 (N = 1048). We focus on this subset because they were administered the most comprehensive instrument over the study time period. The full MDC program utilized the Government Performance Results Act (GPRA) data collection tool as required by the funder. In addition, through October 3, 2021, we incorporated several more components into patient interviews to assess domains of interest including opioid overdose history, trauma history and symptoms, frequency of drug use, mental health history, and addiction recovery measures
bEvaluators created a measure of eight specific problems that could potentially impact successful recovery and drive program service needs. The “problem count” was created from a series of GPRA, local questions, and standard scales including unemployment (GPRA); low educational attainment (GPRA), unstable housing (GPRA), negative social consequences of substance use (GPRA); substance use initiated before age 12 (local); traumatic abuse in childhood (local); PTSD at clinical levels, PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version (Weathers et al., 1994); and severity of mental health problem, Addiction Severity Index Psychiatric Composite Score above national norm for women in treatment programs, (McLellan et al., 2006)