Table 2.

Test quality of the examined triage algorithms for the detection of a condition according to triage category T2 (yellow). The higher the sensitivity, the lower the undertriage and the higher the specificity, the lower the overtriage

Triage category T2 (color: yellow)		BER	ESI	MTS	JorD	PETRA	PRIOR	mSTaRT
Sensitivity		0.38	0.22	0.16	0.11	0.27	0.02	0.13
Specificity		0.90	0.78	0.73	0.99	0.75	0.99	0.81
PPV		0.52	0.21	0.14	0.83	0.22	0.33	0.16
NPV		0.84	0.79	0.76	0.80	0.79	0.79	0.77
Youden index		0.28	0.00	−0.11	0.11	0.01	0.01	−0.06
Overtriage		35.6%	33.3%	2.2%	40.0%	4.4%	51.1%	24.4%
Undertriage		26.7%	44.4%	82.2%	48.9%	68.9%	46.7%	62.2%
Algorithm steps	Correct	10 [9–14]	2 [2–2]	5 [5–5]	9 [9–9]	8 [8–8]	7 [7-7]	6 [6–6]
	Overtriage	3 [2–3]	1 [1–1]	4 [4–4]	4 [2–4]	6 [6–6]	5 [3–5]	5 [3–5]
	Undertriage	17 [17–17]	4 [4–4.5]	1 [1–1]	11 [11–11]	1 [1–1]	8 [8–8]	1 [1–1]
	Overall	9 [3–17]	2 [1–5]	1 [1–5]	9 [4–11]	1 [1–8]	6 [5–8]	1 [1–6]

Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV). The Youden index [32] combines sensitivity and specificity in one value and increases with the discriminatory power of the algorithms. BER Berlin secondary triage Algorithm [24], JorD Jordanian-German Project Hospital Algorithm [27], MTS Manchester Triage System MCI Module [22], ESI Emergency Severity Index [23]. Primary triage algorithms: PETRA Prehospital Emergency Triage Rapid Algorithm [28], PRIOR Primary Ranking for Initial Orientation in Emergency Services [26], mSTaRT Modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment [16]