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. 2023 Oct 24;31(6):2973–2993. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01350-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

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Fig. 1 — Sources of MSCs and their derived EVs as well as mechanisms of enhancement of their functions using preconditioning approaches. ABs apoptotic bodies, EXOs exosomes, MSC-EVs mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, MVBs multivesicular bodies, MVs microvesicles