Table 4 –
Differences in Brief COPE Subscale Scores Among the Sleep Disturbance Latent Classes at Enrollment
| Subscale* | Low Sleep Disturbance (1) 25.2% (n=336) |
High Sleep Disturbance (2) 50.8% (n=676) |
Very High Sleep Disturbance (3) 24.0% (n=319) |
Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Engagement Coping Strategies | ||||
| Active coping | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.0 (1.6) | 5.8 (1.6) | F=3.90, p=.020 1 > 3 |
| Planning | 5.1 (1.9) | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.4 (1.7) | F=2.79, p=.062 |
| Positive reframing | 5.4 (2.0) | 5.4 (2.0) | 5.4 (1.9) | F=0.06, p=.938 |
| Acceptance | 6.7 (1.3) | 6.8 (1.3) | 6.6 (1.4) | F=2.53, p=.080 |
| Humor | 4.2 (2.0) | 4.3 (1.9) | 4.5 (2.0) | F=2.78, p=.063 |
| Religion | 5.0 (2.3) | 5.0 (2.3) | 5.1 (2.4) | F=0.48, p=.621 |
| Using emotional support | 6.3 (1.7) | 6.4 (1.6) | 6.2 (1.7) | F=1.11, p=.330 |
| Using instrumental support | 5.1 (1.8) | 5.4 (1.7) | 5.5 (1.8) | F=4.33, p=.013 1 < 3 |
| Disengagement Coping Strategies | ||||
| Self-distraction | 5.2 (1.8) | 5.6 (1.6) | 5.5 (1.6) | F=6.61, p<.001 1 < 2 and 3 |
| Denial | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.3) | F=7.01, p<.001 1 and 2 < 3 |
| Venting | 3.5 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.4 (1.7) | F=24.86, p<.001 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Substance use | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.9) | F=5.68, p=.004 1 and 2 < 3 |
| Behavioral disengagement | 2.1 (0.4) | 2.2 (0.7) | 2.5 (1.1) | F=22.75, p<.001 1 < 2 < 3 |
| Self-blame | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.1) | 3.4 (1.6) | F=51.41, p<.001 1 < 2 < 3 |
Abbreviation: SD = standard deviation
*
Each item was rate on a 4-point Likert scale that ranged from 1 (“I haven’t been doing this at all”) to 4 (“I have been doing this a lot”). Each coping strategy is evaluated using 2 items. Scores can range from 2 to 8 with higher scores indicating greater use of each of the coping strategies.