Table 2.
Plasma biomarker values (pg/ml).
| Protein | Healthy controls (n = 8) | AKI (COVID-19) (n = 8) | CKD/ESKD (n = 21) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIM-1 | 274.5 (230.6–288.4) | 742.9 (625.6–1324.1) | 582.5 (278.5–789.4) | 0.002 |
| NAG | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1218.2) | 0 (0–0) | 0.299 |
| Calbindin | 3.6 (0–20.0) | 88.9 (59.2–275.9) | 37.5 (12.5–70.7) | < 0.001 |
| GSTA1 | 202.8 (157.4–314.9) | 652.0 (505.0–718.6) | 436.5 (201.8–540.7) | < 0.001 |
| Osteoactivin | 195.3 (155.1–217.0) | 501.5 (380.6–1217.9) | 493.0 (324.3–883.5) | 0.003 |
| Renin | 37.1 (27.1–59.6) | 670.4 (342.9–2539.6) | 137.3 (99.5–326.7) | < 0.001 |
| Clusterin | 264,584 (221,595–351,445) | 593,503 (448,604–709,786) | 470,516 (328,132–677,194) | 0.004 |
| RBP4 | 77,963 (54,925–125,445) | 221,824 (143,659–404,136) | 203,704 (75,150–342,768) | 0.083 |
| IL-18 | 24.5 (19.3–29.9) | 185.3 (162.3–249.4) | 84.6 (39.7–109.5) | < 0.001 |
| IP-10 | 4.4 (3.7–5.5) | 95.5 (71.8–146.2) | 12.3 (7.1–16.8) | < 0.001 |
| EGF | 2.1 (0.1–5.3) | 19.3 (15.3–23.3) | 13.3 (1.8–17.8) | 0.001 |
| MCP-1 | 12.0 (8.6–15.0) | 227.8 (57.7–424.3) | 33.3 (20.0–66.2) | < 0.001 |
| VEGF-A | 35.6 (34.0–41.6) | 430.4 (217.2–678.5) | 673.4 (286.2–806.1) | < 0.001 |
| Uromodulin | 103.0 (0–199.7) | 605.6 (0–776.0) | 1308.5 (674.7–1617.3) | < 0.001 |
| α1-microglobulin | 775.3 (520.3–1122.8) | 479.7 (294.0–914.4) | 4318.6 (2782.1–5212.4) | < 0.001 |
| TFF3 | 3.1 (2.1–4.6) | 13.8 (7.9–33.1) | 55.1 (24.2–62.4) | < 0.001 |
| Osteopontin | 17.8 (15.3–23.4) | 308.3 (243.3–527.8) | 55.9 (29.5–78.1) | < 0.001 |
| Cystatin C | 207.9 (173.8–230.8) | 269.86 (246.2–532.8) | 563.4 (409.4–700.8) | < 0.001 |
| NGAL | 73.4 (58.4–110.7) | 202.6 (161.9–355.0) | 359.4 (259.6–520.4) | < 0.001 |
| β2-microglobulin | 913.0 (751.0–1136.7) | 3700.7 (2361.7–4849.4) | 4972.3 (3114.4–5763.0) | < 0.001 |
| TIMP-1 | 34.5 (32.4–41.5) | 172.6 (130.1–278.3) | 88.1 (62.9–98.3) | < 0.001 |
Data are indicated by median (IQR).
Bold indicates statistically significant P values.