Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of the preparation of OEV based nanodrug (DN@OEV) and the transcytosis process of DN@OEV in SKOV3 cells. (A) cRGD-targeted doxorubicin (DOX) nanoparticles (DN) were devised to modify on the surface of OEV thereby preparing DN@OEV; (B) DN@OEV were internalized into SKOV3 cell via integrin α_vβ₃-mediated endocytosis, subsequently undergoing early endosomes/recycling endosomes pathway to induce exocytosis and early endosomes/late endosomes to lysosome pathway to degrade. The enhanced transcytosis occurred facilitating targeted-EV based drug delivery system to achieve great therapeutic efficacy for ovarian cancer.