Table 4.

Characteristics of included studies on yoga intervention and walking intervention

Sl. No.	Authors and year	Participants (Recruited, age and sex)	Yoga (Type, intensity and duration)	Walking (Type, intensity and duration)	Outcomes	Study design
1	Yuniartika et al., 2021	Yoga – M/F 7/11, Age 51.66 Walking – M/F 5/13, Age 61.33	Yoga 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks	Walking 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks	FBG, Lipids	RCT
2	Gupta et al., 2020	Yoga – M/F 21/19, Age 51.1 ± 8.6 Walking – M/F 24/17, Age 50.2 ± 8.6	Yoga 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks	Walking 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks	FPG, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, Lipids, BMI, WC	RCT
3	Saberipour et al., 2020	Yoga – M/F 32/0, Age 48.25 ± 7.14 Walking – M/F 33/0, Age 49.83 ± 9.58	Yoga 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks	Walking 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks	FBG, SBP, DBP, Lipids, BMI	RCT
4	Singh et al., 2020	Yoga – M/F 41/60, Age 50.3 ± 9.1 Walking – M/F 49/50, Age 49.4 ± 8.7	Yoga 38-115 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks	Walking 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks	HbA1c, SSAI, STAI, BDI, ESE	RCT
5	Keerthi et al., 2017	Yoga – M/F 31/29, Age 37.28 ± 6.21 Walking – M/F 30/28, Age 37.28 ± 6.21	Yoga 38-45 min/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks	Walking 45 min/day, 3 days/week for 12 weeks	FPG, Fasting Insulin, HOMA-IR, QoL, IDRS	RCT
6	McDermott et al., 2014	Yoga – M/F 9/12, Age 47.0 ± 9.7 Control – M/F 7/13, Age 47.2 ± 9.1	Yoga 75 min/day, 3-6 days/week for 8 weeks	Walking 30 min/day, 3-6 days/week for 8 weeks	FBG, PPBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, BP, Lipids	RCT

FBG – Fasting Blood Glucose; FPG – Fasting Plasma Glucose; SBP – Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP – Diastolic Blood Pressure; HbA1c – Glycosylated hemoglobin; BMI – Body Mass Index; WC – Waist Circumference; SSAI – Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory; STAI – Spielberger’s Trait Anxiety Inventory; BDI – Beck Depression Inventory; ESE – Exercise Self-Efficacy; HOMA-IR – Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; BP – Blood Pressure