Table 4.
Multivariable Associations Between Race/Ethnicity (exposure) and Various Risks/Concerns Associated With COVID-19
| Non-Hispanic White (reference group; N = 43 647) | Asian (N = 1 010) | Hispanic/Latina (N = 1 072) | Non-Hispanic Black/African American (N = 2 763) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | N | N | RR (95% CI)* | N | RR (95% CI)* | N | RR (95% CI)* | p Value* |
| Ever been exposed to someone with COVID-19 | 42 935 | 991 | 0.65 (0.42, 1.01) | 1 047 | 1.16 (0.86, 1.56) | 2 705 | 1.25 (1.05, 1.49) | .01 |
| Family member or friend died from COVID-19 | 42 930 | 994 | 0.72 (0.48, 1.08) | 1 048 | 2.00 (1.63, 2.47) | 2 699 | 3.01 (2.70, 3.35) | <.0001 |
| Difficulty getting routine medical care since March 2020 (some/much/very much vs. none) | 42 250 | 979 | 0.65 (0.57, 0.75) | 1 036 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.06) | 2 650 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | <.0001 |
| Decided not to go to doctor/hospital to avoid COVID-19 exposure | 42 036 | 970 | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) | 1 023 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.16) | 2 629 | 1.25 (1.18, 1.33) | <.0001 |
| Concern about the COVID-19 pandemic (somewhat/very vs. no) | 42 123 | 971 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) | 1 035 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | 2 621 | 1.28 (1.24, 1.32) | <.0001 |
Notes: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
*Relative risks (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values are adjusted for age and region of residence (Midwest, Northeast, South, and West) at the time of the COVID-19 survey. Each outcome row represents a separate model. p Values are from Wald Chi-square tests assessing possible differences in the RR by race or ethnicity for each outcome.