Table 4.
Linear Mixed Effect Models Reporting Longitudinal Associations Between Self-Reported Energy and Annual Change in Usual and Rapid Gait Speed in Fatigued and Fatigue-Free Participants in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, Total N = 2 613
| Fatigued Participants | Fatigue-Free Participants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Usual Gait Speed | Rapid Gait Speed | Usual Gait Speed | Rapid Gait Speed | ||||
| β | p Value | β | p Value | β | p Value | β | p Value | |
| Model 1: Demographics* | ||||||||
| Higher energy | −0.009 | .32 | −0.02 | .15 | 0.02 | .0004 | 0.01 | .08 |
| Year | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 |
| Higher energy × year | 0.004 | .11 | 0.007 | .03 | 0.002 | .10 | 0.004 | .05 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + comorbidities† | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher energy | −0.01 | .29 | −0.02 | .15 | 0.02 | .001 | 0.01 | .13 |
| Year | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 |
| Higher energy × year | 0.004 | .10 | 0.007 | .04 | 0.002 | .11 | 0.004 | .05 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + depressive symptoms and exercise‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher energy | −0.006 | .54 | −0.01 | .24 | 0.02 | <.01 | 0.01 | .07 |
| Year | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 | −0.04 | <.0001 |
| Higher energy × year | 0.002 | .29 | 0.007 | .04 | 0.002 | .14 | 0.003 | .18 |
Notes: Low energy is the referent, and baseline gait speed was adjusted for in all models.
*Adjusted for race, sex, age, education.
†Additionally adjusted for baseline diabetes and hypertension.
‡Additionally adjusted for height, and baseline cardiovascular disease, arthritis, peripheral arterial disease, depressive symptoms, and minutes walked per week.