Table 3.
Correlates of Usual Gait Speed Adjusted for Demographics
| Tanzania (N = 231) | Nigeria (N = 1 122) | South Korea (N = 491) | Australia (N = 995) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardized B (SE), p Value | β | Unstandardized B (SE), p Value | β | Unstandardized B (SE), p Value | β | Unstandardized B (SE), p Value | β | |
| BMI | −0.003 (0.001), p = .05 | −0.06 | −0.02 (.004), p <.001♂,♀ | −.18 | −0.007 (0.001), p < .001♂,♀ | −0.19 | ||
| Hypertension | −0.04 (0.03), p = .22 | −0.08 | −0.04 (0.02), p = .04 | −0.06 | −0.04 (0.02), p = .04 | −.06 | −0.03 (0.01), p = .001♀ | −0.10 |
| Stroke | −0.12 (0.07), p = .07♀ | −0.11 | 0.04 (0.03), p = .19♂ | 0.04 | −0.09 (0.03), p < .001 ♂,♀ |
−0.11 | ||
| ≥1 APOE ε4 allele | −0.01 (0.03), p = .63 | −0.02 | −0.01 (0.01), p = .29 | −0.03 | ||||
| MMSE | 0.01 (0.005), p = .02♀ | 0.11 | 0.008 (0.003), p = .02♂,♀ | 0.07 | ||||
| Categorical Fluency | (0.004), p = .01♂ | 0.15 | 0.01 (0.002), p < .001♂,♀ | 0.16 | 0.005 (0.0002), p = .04 | 0.10 | 0.005 (0.001), p <.001♂,♀ | 0.13 |
| Trail-Making Task A | −0.001 (<0.001), p = .04 | −0.10 | −0.002 (<0.001), p < .001♂,♀ | −0.22 | ||||
| Trail-Making Task B | −0.004 (<0.001), p = .01 | −0.13 | −0.005 (<0.001), p < .001♂,♀ | −0.17 | ||||
| Trail-Making Task B − A | −0.0003 (<0.001), p = .06 | −0.09 | −0.0004 (<0.001), p < .001♀ | −0.12 | ||||
| Depressive symptoms | −0.003 (0.002), p = .08 | −0.07 | −0.01 (0.002), p < .001♀ | −0.13 | ||||
| General health = Good | 0.02 (0.03), p = .43 | 0.11 | 0.14 (0.04), p < .001♀ | 0.11 | 0.04 (0.02), p = .05 | 0.09 | 0.06 (0.01), p < .001♀ | 0.12 |
| Current smoker | 0.02 (0.04), p = .55 | 0.05 | 0.003 (0.01), p = .86 | .006 | −0.01 (0.05), p = .77 | −0.01 | 0.002 (0.03), p = .95 | 0.002 |
| Current drinker | 0.06 (0.03), p = .06♀ | 0.12 | −0.003 (0.01), p = .98 | −.001 | 0.04 (0.03), p = .12 | 0.08 | 0.03 (0.01), p = .06 | 0.06 |
| Moderate physical activity (vs minimal) | 0.10 (0.03), p < .001♂,♀ | 0.22 | 0.06 (0.03), p = .04♂ | 0.12 | 0.05 (0.02), p = .001♀ | 0.10 | ||
| Vigorous physical activity (vs minimal) | .01 (0.04), p = .01♂ | 0.24 | 0.05 (0.03), p = .12♂ | 0.10 | 0.07 (0.02), p < .001♂,♀ | 0.13 |
Notes: Rows represent separate regression analyses adjusting for the sample-specific demographics (age, sex, and education). For sex-stratified results, ♂ indicates instances where the predictor was significant among men; ♀ indicates instances where the predictor was significant among women (p < .05). No symbols indicate that the variable was not significant in either sex-stratified analysis. Shaded areas denote when a variable was not available for this cohort. β reflects the standardized beta coefficient. APOE = apolipoprotein; BMI = body mass index; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; SE = standard error.