Table 2.

Effects of Gut Microbiota on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability

Permeability Modulator (microbiota)	Method and Model	Effect on BBB	References
Clostridiumtyrobutyricum, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	Germ-free C57Bl/6 mice	Increase tight junction protein and reduces permeability	(117)
Clostridium butyricum	C57Bl/6 mice	Increase tight junction protein and reduces permeability
Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid	Sprague–Dawley rats	Decrease tight junction protein and increases permeability	(95)
Acetate/propionate/butyrate	Germ-free BDF1 mice	Microglia activation