Table 2.

Fluid bolus characteristics, outcomes and comparison based on haemodynamic responses

	Whole cohort (n = 20)	CI early response⁎		P	MAP early response†		P
		CI non-responders (n = 15)	CI responders (n = 5)		MAP non-responders (n = 9)	MAP responders (n = 11)
Fluid bolus characteristics
Indication				0.29			0.87
Tachycardia	1 (5%)	1 (7%)	0 (0%)		0 (0%)	1 (9%)
Low CI	6 (30%)	3 (20%)	3 (60%)		2 (22%)	4 (36%)
Low filling pressures	3 (15%)	3 (20%)	0 (0%)		2 (22%)	1 (9%)
Hypotension	8 (40%)	7 (47%)	1 (20%)		4 (44%)	4 (36%)
Other	2 (10%)	1 (7%)	1 (20%)		1 (11%)	1 (9%)
Infusion duration (min), median (IQR)	7 (3–9)	7 (4–9)	3 (3–7)	0.23	8 (7–10)	4 (3–7)	0.05
CI response
Early response	5 (25%)	0 (0%)	5 (100%)	< 0.01	na	na	na
At 15 min after bolus	1 (5%)	1 (7%)	na	na	na	na	na
At 30 min after bolus	8 (40%)	5 (33%)	3 (60%)	0.35	na	na	na
Dissipation of CI response‡
Number of dissipators	1 (5%)	na	1 (20%)	na	na	na	na
Time to dissipation (min), median (IQR)	na	na	30 (30–30)	na	na	na	na
MAP response
Early response	11 (55%)	na	na	na	0 (0%)	11 (100%)	< 0.01
At 15 min after bolus	7 (35%)	na	na	na	2 (22%)	5 (45%)	0.37
At 30 min after bolus	5 (25%)	na	na	na	1 (11%)	4 (36%)	0.32
Dissipation of MAP response§
Number of dissipators	5 (25%)	na	na	na	na	5 (45%)	na
Time to dissipation (min), median (IQR)	na	na	na	na	na	6 (6–10)	na

CI = cardiac index; IQR = interquartile range; MAP = mean arterial pressure; na = not applicable.

^⁎Early CI response to fluid bolus therapy (FBT) was verified when CI increased by ≥ 15% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.

^†Early MAP response to FBT was verified when MAP increased by ≥ 10% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.

^‡Dissipation of CI response to FBT was verified when CI was no greater than 5% above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes.

^§Dissipation of MAP response to FBT was verified when MAP was no greater than 3 mmHg above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes.