Table 2.
Fluid bolus characteristics, outcomes and comparison based on haemodynamic responses
| Whole cohort (n = 20) |
CI early response⁎ |
P |
MAP early response† |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI non-responders (n = 15) |
CI responders (n = 5) |
MAP non-responders (n = 9) | MAP responders (n = 11) | ||||
| Fluid bolus characteristics | |||||||
| Indication | 0.29 | 0.87 | |||||
| Tachycardia | 1 (5%) | 1 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (9%) | ||
| Low CI | 6 (30%) | 3 (20%) | 3 (60%) | 2 (22%) | 4 (36%) | ||
| Low filling pressures | 3 (15%) | 3 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (22%) | 1 (9%) | ||
| Hypotension | 8 (40%) | 7 (47%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (44%) | 4 (36%) | ||
| Other | 2 (10%) | 1 (7%) | 1 (20%) | 1 (11%) | 1 (9%) | ||
| Infusion duration (min), median (IQR) | 7 (3–9) | 7 (4–9) | 3 (3–7) | 0.23 | 8 (7–10) | 4 (3–7) | 0.05 |
| CI response | |||||||
| Early response | 5 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | < 0.01 | na | na | na |
| At 15 min after bolus | 1 (5%) | 1 (7%) | na | na | na | na | na |
| At 30 min after bolus | 8 (40%) | 5 (33%) | 3 (60%) | 0.35 | na | na | na |
| Dissipation of CI response‡ | |||||||
| Number of dissipators | 1 (5%) | na | 1 (20%) | na | na | na | na |
| Time to dissipation (min), median (IQR) | na | na | 30 (30–30) | na | na | na | na |
| MAP response | |||||||
| Early response | 11 (55%) | na | na | na | 0 (0%) | 11 (100%) | < 0.01 |
| At 15 min after bolus | 7 (35%) | na | na | na | 2 (22%) | 5 (45%) | 0.37 |
| At 30 min after bolus | 5 (25%) | na | na | na | 1 (11%) | 4 (36%) | 0.32 |
| Dissipation of MAP response§ | |||||||
| Number of dissipators | 5 (25%) | na | na | na | na | 5 (45%) | na |
| Time to dissipation (min), median (IQR) | na | na | na | na | na | 6 (6–10) | na |
CI = cardiac index; IQR = interquartile range; MAP = mean arterial pressure; na = not applicable.
⁎
Early CI response to fluid bolus therapy (FBT) was verified when CI increased by ≥ 15% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.
†
Early MAP response to FBT was verified when MAP increased by ≥ 10% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.
‡
Dissipation of CI response to FBT was verified when CI was no greater than 5% above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes.
§
Dissipation of MAP response to FBT was verified when MAP was no greater than 3 mmHg above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes.