Table 3.
Main haemodynamics during the observation period, and comparison based on haemodynamic response
| Whole cohort (n = 20) Median (IQR) |
CI early response⁎ |
MAP early response† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non–responders (n = 15) Median (IQR) | Responders (n = 5) Median (IQR) | Non–responders (n = 9) Median (IQR) | Responders (n = 11) Median (IQR) | ||
| CI (L/min/m2) | |||||
| Baseline | 2.3 (1.9–2.9) | 2.4 (2–2.9) | 1.7 (1.7–2.8) | 2.1 (2–2.8) | 2.5 (1.8–2.9) |
| End | 2.6 (2.1–3.2)‡ | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 2.6 (2.3–3.4) | 2.4 (2.1–3.4) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) |
| 15 min | 2.6 (2.4–3) | 2.6 (2.4–3) | na | 1.9 (1.8–2.7) | 2.7 (2.4–3) |
| 30 min | 2.6 (2.2–3.1)‡ | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 2.2 (2.1–2.7) | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) | 2.7 (2.2–3) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 68 (63–75) | 67 (63–70) | 77 (67–82) | 67 (67–70) | 68 (62–80) |
| End | 76 (68–84)‡ | 73 (68–79) | 91 (75–95) | 69 (68–73) | 80 (76–93) |
| 15 min | 71 (65–81)‡ | 69 (65–78) | 82 (75–89) | 69 (65–75) | 77 (67–83) |
| 30 min | 71 (65–81)‡ | 69 (64–76) | 85 (71–91) | 69 (65–71) | 73 (65–88) |
| Heart rate (per min) | |||||
| Baseline | 88 (80–92) | 88 (76–96) | 88 (80–88) | 88 (78–96) | 88 (80–90) |
| End | 88 (79–92) | 88 (77–96) | 88 (80–88) | 88 (78–96) | 88 (80–90) |
| 15 min | 88 (80–92) | 88 (78–96) | 88 (80–88) | 88 (78–95) | 88 (80–90) |
| 30 min | 88 (78–91) | 88 (78–96) | 88 (80–88) | 88 (78–94) | 88 (79–90) |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 102 (93–111) | 97 (87–108) | 106 (104–112) | 106 (94–111) | 100 (92–108) |
| End | 111 (99–127)‡ | 108 (98–123) | 124 (122–136) | 101 (93–113) | 124 (108–133) |
| 15 min | 105 (96–117) | 101 (96–115) | 112 (108–119) | 101 (93–106) | 112 (99–117) |
| 30 min | 102 (93–118) | 97 (92–115) | 115 (98–122) | 97 (92–109) | 114 (96–122) |
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 52 (47–59) | 52 (49–55) | 63 (45–64) | 50 (48–52) | 53 (48–63) |
| End | 57 (51–67)‡ | 53 (51–62) | 68 (54–78) | 52 (50–53) | 66 (58–70) |
| 15 min | 56 (49–62)‡ | 53 (49–60) | 62 (61–70) | 52 (49–58) | 61 (52–64) |
| 30 min | 54 (48–63) | 53 (47–60) | 64 (54–68) | 53 (48–54) | 61 (50–65) |
| Central venous pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 7 (6–10) | 7 (6–9) | 8 (5–10) | 7 (5–10) | 8 (7–8) |
| End | 10 (8–11)‡ | 10 (9–11) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (7–11) | 10 (9–10) |
| 15 min | 9 (7–10)‡ | 9 (8–10) | 9 (6–11) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (8–10) |
| 30 min | 9 (7–10)‡ | 9 (7–10) | 9 (7–11) | 8 (6–11) | 9 (8–10) |
| Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 26 (22–30) | 26 (22–34) | 23 (22–27) | 27 (24–33) | 23 (22–28) |
| End | 28 (26–34)‡ | 28 (25–39) | 27 (26–31) | 31 (26–37) | 27 (25–32) |
| 15 min | 27 (25–32)‡ | 27 (24–35) | 27 (25–30) | 28 (26–33) | 26 (24–31) |
| 30 min | 27 (24–33)‡ | 26 (24–34) | 29 (25–31) | 28 (26–32) | 26 (24–32) |
| Diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 13 (10–16) | 13 (10–17) | 12 (11–14) | 13 (11–15) | 12 (10–17) |
| End | 15 (12–17)‡ | 15 (13–18) | 14 (11–16) | 15 (12–17) | 15 (12–19) |
| 15 min | 14 (12–17)‡ | 14 (12–18) | 13 (13–14) | 14 (13–17) | 13 (11–18) |
| 30 min | 14 (12–18)‡ | 14 (11–18) | 14 (13–16) | 14 (12–17) | 14 (11–18) |
| Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 18 (16–22) | 19 (16–24) | 18 (17–18) | 19 (17–22) | 18 (16–22) |
| End | 21 (18–25)‡ | 21 (18–27) | 20 (20–21) | 21 (19–25) | 20 (19–25) |
| 15 min | 19 (18–23)‡ | 20 (17–25) | 19 (19–20) | 20 (18–22) | 19 (17–24) |
| 30 min | 19 (18–24)‡ | 20 (17–25) | 19 (19–23) | 21 (18–23) | 19 (17–24) |
| Body temperature (°C) | |||||
| Baseline | 35.8 (35.4–37) | 36.9 (35.4–37) | 35.6 (35.4–36) | 37 (35.4–37.1) | 35.7 (35.3–36.9) |
| End | 35.7 (35.4–37)‡ | 36.7 (35.4–37) | 35.5 (35.3–35.8) | 36.8 (35.5–37) | 35.6 (35.2–36.9) |
| 15 min | 35.9 (35.5–37.1)‡ | 36.9 (35.6–37.2) | 35.5 (35.4–35.9) | 36.9 (35.6–37.2) | 35.8 (35.4–37) |
| 30 min | 36 (35.6–37.3)‡ | 37 (35.8–37.3) | 35.7 (35.5–36) | 37 (35.8–37.4) | 35.9 (35.5–37.1) |
| Systemic perfusion pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 62 (56–65)§ | 60 (54–64) | 69 (65–75) | 63 (57–65) | 61 (56–73) |
| End | 64 (59–71)‡ | 63 (59–69) | 82 (75–87)§ | 62 (59–64) | 75 (66–85) |
| 15 min | 68 (58–72)‡ | 63 (57–69) | 75 (73–79)§ | 62 (58–69) | 71 (63–77) |
| 30 min | 63 (57–74) | 60 (56–66) | 76 (73–80)§ | 60 (57–67) | 74 (63–78) |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 48 (43–54) | 47 (40–54) | 52 (48–54) | 48 (47–59) | 48 (43–53) |
| End | 53 (47–63)‡ | 53 (47–60) | 54 (52–65) | 50 (40–56) | 57 (50–65) |
| 15 min | 51 (46–58) | 51 (44–56) | 50 (48–60) | 48 (38–53) | 52 (47–58) |
| 30 min | 51 (44–58) | 50 (43–58) | 52 (49–55) | 50 (38–51) | 52 (48–58) |
CI = cardiac index; IQR = interquartile range; MAP = mean arterial pressure; na = not applicable.
⁎
Early CI response to FBT was verified when CI increased by ≥ 15% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.
†
Early MAP response to fluid bolus therapy (FBT) was verified when MAP increased by ≥ 10% above baseline immediately after the end of the FBT infusion.
‡
P < 0.05 compared with baseline value.
§
P < 0.05 compared with CI non-responders. P < 0.05 compared with MAP non-responders. Dissipation of CI response to FBT was verified when CI was no greater than 5% above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes. Dissipation of MAP response to FBT was verified when MAP was no greater than 3 mmHg above baseline for at least 2 consecutive minutes.