| L-citrulline |
Acute HS (34°C ± 1°C, 24 h); broiler-given basal diets enriched with 1% L-citrulline |
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•
Downregulated the mRNA, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 3, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and ATP synthase F1 subunit beta (ATP5β) in the breast muscle as response to acute HS.
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•
Promote the immune dysfunction of broilers exposed to HS.
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•
Promote muscle ATP generation and mitochondria function.
|
Uyanga et al. (2022) |
| Curcumin |
Broiler given 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg diet under HS conditions |
-
•
Significantly increased the expression of antioxidant related genes such as Nrf2, GSH-Px, GST, HO-1, and γ-GCLc after dietary inclusion of curcumin.
-
•
A significant improvement in the expression of SOD and CAT genes after dietary inclusion.
-
•
Decreased the ROS production was also observed in treated groups.
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•
Curcumin supplemented with stressed broiler diets significantly increased the MMP, mtDNA copy number, and ATP amounts.
|
Zhang et al. (2018a), Zhang et al. (2018b) |
| Resveratrol |
Stressed broiler given 400 mg/kg diet/ 35°C ± 2°C for 7 d |
-
•
Enhance the hepatic antioxidant function by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to promote growth performance in the broiler.
-
•
Activating the gene and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1.
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•
Enhancing NQO1 and SOD1 gene levels,
-
•
Decreasing protein levels of HSP70, p62, and Keap1,
-
•
Alleviated liver injury in heat-stressed broilers.
|
Chen et al. (2023a), Ding et al. (2023) |
| Tryptophan |
Stressed broiler received 0.18% |
|
Ouyang et al. (2022) |
