Table 1.
Characteristics of CRIC participants by Blood Pressure phenotypes at Baseline Visit
| Blood Pressure Phenotypes (N=5,621) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | All (N=5,621) | Normotensive (n=2,919) | Isolated Diastolic Hypertension (n=347) | Isolated Systolic Hypertension (n=1,447) | Systolic Diastolic Hypertension (n=908) | P |
| Age, y (mean ± SD) | 59.6 ± 10.7 | 59.5 ± 10.9 | 51.6 ± 11.2 | 63.8 ± 8.2 | 56 ± 10.4 | < 0.001∗ |
| Women, n (%) | 2,455 (44) | 1,298 (44) | 130 (37) | 708 (49) | 319 (35) | < 0.001∗ |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001∗ | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,273 (40) | 1,473 (50) | 134 (39) | 460 (32) | 206 (23) | — |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,422 (43) | 1,067 (37) | 154 (44) | 691 (48) | 510 (56) | — |
| Hispanic | 728 (13) | 285 (10) | 37 (11) | 242 (17) | 164 (18) | — |
| Others | 198 (4) | 94 (3) | 22 (6) | 54 (4) | 28 (3) | — |
| Any cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 1,884 (34) | 966 (33) | 62 (18) | 563 (39) | 293 (32) | < 0.001∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2,890 (51) | 1,340 (46) | 81 (23) | 1,006 (70) | 463 (51) | <0.001∗ |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 32.3 ± 7.6 | 32.1 ± 7.6 | 32.1 ± 7.8 | 32.7 ± 7.5 | 32.5 ± 7.8 | 0.05 |
| Waist Circumference, cm (mean ± SD) | 106.8 ± 17.5 | 106.5 ± 17.7 | 105.2 ± 16.5 | 107.9 ± 17.5 | 106.2 ± 42.7 | 0.02∗ |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 707 (13) | 339 (12) | 45 (13) | 178 (12) | 145 (16) | 0.007∗ |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (mean ± SD) | 48 ± 16.7 | 49.4 ± 17.0 | 52.8 ±17.6 | 44.5 ± 15.2 | 47.2 ± 16.7 | <0.001∗ |
| eGFR category, mL/min/1.73m2, n (%) | <0.001∗ | |||||
| <30 | 842 (15) | 375 (13) | 32 (9) | 275 (19) | 160 (18) | — |
| 30-60 | 1,289 (23) | 758 (26) | 115 (33) | 219 (15) | 197 (22) | — |
| >60 | 3,486 (62) | 1,784 (61) | 200 (58) | 951 (66) | 551 (61) | — |
| 24 h urine protein, g/24 h, median (q1 and q3) | 0.2 (0.1-0.9) | 0.1 (0.1-0.5) | 0.2 (0.1-0.8) | 0.40 (0.10-1.50) | 0.7 (0.15-2.33) | <0.001∗ |
| LDL, mg/dL (mean ± SD) | 102.7 ± 35.6 | 99.6 ± 34 | 108.4 ± 35.0 | 100.7 ± 35.6 | 112.7 ± 38.3 | <0.001∗ |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 128.6 ± 21.4 | 113.3 ± 10.7 | 121.7 ± 6.3 | 145.3 ± 13.1 | 153.6 ± 18.7 | <0.001∗ |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg (mean ± SD) | 71.1 ± 12.6 | 65.1 ± 8.8 | 84.6 ± 3.8 | 68.3 ± 8.4 | 89.7 ± 8.2 | <0.001∗ |
| Number of antihypertensive medications (mean ± SD) | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 3 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.5 | <0.001∗ |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 3,095 (55) | 1,527 (53) | 145 (42) | 898 (62) | 525 (58) | <0.001∗ |
| Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors, n (%) | 3,844 (69) | 1,987 (68) | 214 (62) | 1,029 (72) | 614 (68) | 0.01∗ |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 2,755 (49) | 1,325 (46) | 115 (34) | 825 (57) | 490 (54) | <0.001∗ |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 2,314 (41) | 987 (34) | 110 (32) | 798 (56) | 419 (47) | <0.001∗ |
Note: Isolated diastolic: diastolic blood pressure (BP) > 80 mm Hg with systolic BP ≤ 130 mm Hg, normotension: systolic BP ≤ 130mm Hg and diastolic BP ≤ 80 mm Hg, isolated systolic hypertension: systolic BP >130 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≤ 80 mm Hg, and systolic diastolic hypertension: systolic BP >130 mm Hg and diastolic BP >80 mm Hg.
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, direct renin inhibitors, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers.
Diuretics include loop, thiazide, and potassium sparing diuretics (excludes mineralocorticoid receptor blockers).
P<0.05. LDL, low density lipoprotein.