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. 2023 Nov 14;9(11):e22188. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22188

Table: 2.

Degrading behaviour of madder dye at different heat rate.

S. No Heating rate (°C) Weight loss (%)
Residue (%)
Temperature (°C)
30–100 °C 100–400 °C 400–800 °C
1 10 6.51 67.37 26.04 (725 °C) 0.08
2 20 3.48 56.57 31.37 8.58
3 30 7.53 55.49 28.33 8.65
4 40 4.45 48.15 46.95 (770 °C) 0.45
5 50 3.75 49.66 28.42 18.17