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Thermodynamic parameters of madder dye at different heating rate at temperature 450 °C.
| S. No. | Heating rate | Stage | Temp. | Ea (kJ mol−1) | ΔS (kJ mol−1) | ΔH (kJ mol−1) | ΔG (kJ mol−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 °C/min. | 3 | 450 | 16.825 | −0.2583 | 10.81374 | 197.5309 |
| 2 | 20 °C/min. | 3 | 450 | 27.438 | −0.2410 | 21.42678 | 195.6777 |
| 3 | 30 °C/min. | 3 | 450 | 26.106 | −0.2336 | 20.09475 | 188.9728 |
| 4 | 40 °C/min. | 3 | 450 | 37.306 | −0.2030 | 31.29486 | 178.0351 |
| 5 | 50 °C/min. | 3 | 450 | 28.241 | −0.2312 | 22.23011 | 189.3764 |
