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. 2023 Nov 11;9(11):e22132. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22132

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Effects of biochar (B) and nitrogen fertilizer (N) rates on N₂O emission. CN (sole N; average, 195 kg N/ha), LBLN (B ≤ 9 t/ha + N ≤ 140 kg N/ha), LBMN (B ≤ 9 t/ha+140 < N ≤ 240 kg N/ha), LBHN (B ≤ 9 t/ha + N > 240 kg N/ha), MBLN (9 < B ≤ 20 t/ha + N ≤ 140 kg N/ha), MBMN (9 < B ≤ 20 t/ha+140 < N ≤ 240 kg N/ha), MBHN (9 < B ≤ 20 t/ha + N > 240 kg N/ha), HBLN (B > 20 t/ha + N > 240 kg N/ha). Bars with different letters are statistically different from each other (p < 0.05). Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean.