Table 7.

Time complexity.

	No of Epoch	Total Samples	Batch Size	No. of Layers	Input Size	Operations per Batch (approximate)	Batches per Epoch	Operations per Epoch (approximate)	Total Operations (approximate)
Alexnet	17	6900	3	8	224 × 224	1984	2300	4,571,200	77,609,600
MobileNetV2	9	6900	32	53	224 × 224	216	11,872	2,564,352	23,079,168
VGG16	4	6900	32	16	224 × 224	3584	216	772,864	3,091,456
VGG19	5	6900	32	19	224 × 224	4256	216	919,296	4,596,480
ResNet50	10	6900	32	50	224 × 224	32,768	216	7,083,648	7,083,680

An in-depth analysis of the computational complexity of the models is provided in Table 7. Understanding these complexities is vital for optimizing training and inference processes and making informed model selection decisions in diverse computational environments. In order to calculate the complexity, the important factors to take into consideration are the following: Number of Epochs, Total Samples, Batch Size, Number of Layers, Input Size, Operations per Batch (approximate), Batches per Epoch, Operations per Epoch (approximate) and Total Operations (approximate). Eq. (9), (10), (11), and (12) represent Operations per Batch, Batches per Epoch, Operations per Epoch and Total Operations sequentially.