. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 2.

Published in final edited form as: J Interpers Violence. 2022 Nov 11;38(9-10):6576–6600. doi: 10.1177/08862605221135166

Table 4.

Joint estimates for associations between 6th, 7th, and 8th grade exposures (psychological distress; sexual harassment victimization) and dating violence involvement through 9th grade among 1,279 middle/high school students in Illinois

	b (95% CI)	p
Mean difference in dating violence victimization associated with above-mean psychological distress (ref = below mean), 6th, 7th, and 8th grades	2.31 (0.16, 4.45)	0.057
Mean difference in dating violence perpetration associated with above-mean psychological distress (ref = below mean), 6th, 7th, and 8th grades	0.79 (−0.33, 1.90)	0.174
Mean difference in dating violence victimization associated with above-mean sexual harassment victimization (ref = below mean), 6th, 7th, and 8th grades	4.34 (2.41, 6.27)	<0.001
Mean difference in dating violence perpetration associated with above-mean sexual harassment victimization (ref = below mean), 6th, 7th, and 8th grades	1.82 (0.58, 3.06)	0.006

Note. Estimates are based on marginal structural models. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights were used to adjust for time-varying confounding by sexual harassment victimization and bullying victimization. Regression was used to adjust for time-invariant confounding by 6th grade bullying and sexual harassment victimization, gender, sexual orientation identity, race/ethnicity, baseline family functioning, child abuse victimization, and whether the adolescent’s school implemented the Second Step social-emotional learning program.