Table 2. Changes in ICU Occupancy During Low and High COVID-19 Admissions for 33 US Statesa.
| Characteristic | ICU occupancy per 100 beds | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019, mean (SE)b | Percentage-point change (95% CI)c | ||
| Low COVID-19 admissions | High COVID-19 admissions | ||
| All hospitals | 57.4 (0.7) | −3.1 (−4.0 to −2.2) | 38.9 (34.7 to 43.2) |
| Time period | |||
| Weeks 11-26 | 57.6 (0.7) | −4.9 (−5.9 to −3.9) | 53.4 (45.4 to 61.3) |
| Weeks 27-48 | 55.8 (0.7) | −0.1 (−1.6 to 1.3) | 29.7 (26.0 to 33.3) |
| Hospital location | |||
| Metropolitan, large central | 63.7 (1.1) | −2.2 (−5.0 to 0.7) | 41.6 (33.8 to 49.3) |
| Metropolitan, other | 56.5 (0.8) | −3.9 (−4.9 to −2.8) | 39.4 (33.8 to 45.0) |
| Micropolitan | 42.7 (1.1) | −1.3 (−2.7 to 0.1) | 25.3 (20.0 to 30.5) |
| Rural, noncore | 30.2 (1.9) | −3.1 (−4.3 to −2.0) | 15.1 (9.3 to 20.9) |
| All hospitals, weighted by admission by race and ethnicityd | |||
| Hispanic | 59.7 (1.2) | −1.8 (−3.8 to 0.2) | 53.7 (43.8 to 63.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 60.2 (0.8) | −2.8 (−4.5 to −1.1) | 37.8 (33.3 to 42.4) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 56.2 (0.7) | −3.5 (−4.4 to −2.6) | 34.7 (30.7 to 38.7) |
| Othere | 58.7 (1.3) | −2.5 (−4.0 to −1.0) | 47.3 (40.8 to 53.8) |
Abbreviation: ICU, intensive care unit.
Data are from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (2019-2020) for 33 US states.
Means and regressions were weighted by the number of admissions for each hospital in 2019.
Changes compared outcomes for each hospital-week in weeks 11 to 48 of 2020 to the corresponding hospital-week in 2019 (ie, regression models included hospital-week fixed effects). Low COVID-19 admission rates correspond to less than 1 weekly COVID-19 admission per 100 beds, whereas high COVID-19 admission rates correspond to 15 or more weekly COVID-19 admissions per 100 beds.
Means and regressions weighted by number of admissions in 2019 by race and ethnicity. Analyses related to patient race and ethnicity excluded 5 states that had more than 5% of these data missing (Louisiana, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, and West Virginia).
Other includes non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, or multiple races or ethnicities.