Table 3.

Summary of key characteristics of the included studies.

Reference	Year	3D model	2D model	Image modality	Purpose	Transformer name	Data source
[27]	2022	Yes	Yes	MRIa	Segmentation	SWINb transformer	Public
[28]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	SWIN transformer	Public
[29]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	SWIN transformer	Public
[30]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	Not available	Public
[31]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	Segtransvae	Public
[32]	2021	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	TransBTS	Public
[33]	2021	Yes	Yes	MRI	Segmentation	SegTran	Public
[34]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	SWIN transformer	Public
[35]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	TransUNet	Public
[36]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	Not available	Public
[37]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	TransBTS	Public
[38]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	UNETRc	Public
[39]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	SWIN transformer	Public
[40]	2021	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation	Not available	Public
[41]	2022	No	Yes	MRI	Segmentation	Not available	Public
[42]	2022	No	Yes	MRI	Segmentation	Not available	Public+private
[43]	2022	Yes	Yes	MRI	Segmentation and diagnosis	Autoregressive transformer	Public
[44]	2022	Yes	No	MRI	Segmentation and grading	Not available	Public
[45]	2022	No	Yes	MRI	Segmentation and reconstruction	SWIN transformer	Public
[46]	2022	No	Yes	MRI	SPd	Not available	Public
[47]	2022	No	Yes	MRI	Detection	Not available	Private
[48]	2022	No	Yes	Pathology	Grading	Not available	Private

^aMRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

^bSWIN: Shifted Window.

^cUNETR: UNet Transformer.

^dSP: survival prediction.