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. 2023 Nov 17;7:e51422. doi: 10.2196/51422

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©Abby L Cheng, Mansi Agarwal, Melissa A Armbrecht, Joanna Abraham, Ryan P Calfee, Charles W Goss. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 17.11.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Mediation effect of behavioral activation on the relationship between intervention engagement and anxiety symptoms over a 1-month time interval among 30 patients who presented to an orthopedic clinic for management of chronic neck or back pain between January 2022 and May 2022. “a” represents the slope estimate between the exposure (intervention engagement) and proposed mediator (behavioral activation). “b” represents the slope estimate of the proposed mediator (behavioral activation) in the full model that includes the exposure (intervention engagement) and all covariates. Parentheses depict 80% CIs. Covariates include age, sex, and baseline BADS-SF and PROMIS Anxiety scores. c’: total direct effect; c: total effect; BADS-SF: Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale–Short Form; PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.