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. 2023 Nov 17;7:e51422. doi: 10.2196/51422

Table 3.

Longitudinal changes in proposed mediators and clinical outcomes during the 1-month study period among 30 patients who presented to an orthopedic clinic for management of chronic neck or back pain between January 2022 and May 2022.

Variable Baseline, mean (SD; range) One month, mean (SD; range) Mean change (80% CI)a P value
Proposed mediators—Behavioral targets

BADS-SFb total score 26.7 (8.3; 12.0 to 52.0) 31.2 (8.9; 16.0 to 53.0) 4.5 (2.9 to 6.1) <.001

CPAQ-8c total score 21.2 (7.0; 5.0 to 33.0) 23.7 (6.6; 12.0 to 36.0) 2.5 (1.2 to 3.7) .014

AISd total score 11.4 (6.3; 3.0 to 24.0) 9.5 (5.1; 3.0 to 18.0) –2.0 (–3.1 to –0.8) .03
Outcomes—PROMISe Scores

Anxiety 59.1 (8.9; 38.3 to 73.3) 56.0 (7.4; 35.9 to 67.2) –3.2 (–4.3 to –2.0) <.001

Depression 52.9 (8.7; 34.2 to 69.5) 51.6 (8.0; 34.2 to 64.0) –1.3 (–2.9 to 0.3) .31

Pain Interference 64.2 (7.2; 50.1 to 80.0) 60.7 (6.9; 50.1 to 83.8) –3.5 (–4.8 to –2.2) .002

Physical Function 38.6 (7.2; 26.9 to 58.9) 39.9 (5.6; 30.0 to 51.2) 1.4 (–0.2 to 2.9) .26

aMean changes were calculated using paired t tests.

bBADS-SF: Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale–Short Form.

cCPAQ-8: Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire.

dAIS: Athens Insomnia Scale.

ePROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.