Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Characteristics | N (%) or median (IQR) from 169 samples | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| 0–24 months | 113 (66.9 %) | |
| 25–60 months | 56 (33.1 %) | |
| Median age (months) (IQR) [range] | 18.9 (7–30) [0.5–57] | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 105 (62.1 %) | |
| Female | 64 (37.9 %) | |
| Year of sample collection | ||
| 2019 | 86 (50.9 %) | |
| 2020 | 83 (49.1 %) | |
| Median height (cm) | 79.3 (14.8) | |
| Median weight (kg) | 10.7 (4.4) | |
| Presence of comorbidities | ||
| Yes | 25 (14.8 %) | |
| -Reactive airway disease | 11 | |
| -Premature birth | 2 | |
| -Allergic rhinitis | 5 | |
| -Asthma | 1 | |
| -Cow's milk protein allergy | 1 | |
| -G6PD | 2 | |
| -Right upper lung bronchial stenosis | 1 | |
| -Laryngomalacia | 1 | |
| -Asymptomatic small VSD | 1 | |
| -Bilateral extrarenal pelvis | 1 | |
| -Renal cyst | 1 | |
| No | 144 (85.2 %) | |
| Presence of other symptoms | ||
| Vomiting | 72 (42.6 %) | |
| Nausea | 50 (29.6 %) | |
| Diarrhea | 37 (21.9 %) | |
| Seizure | 9 (5.3 %) | |
| Seizure with rash | 1 (0.6 %) | |
| Rash | 7 (4.1 %) | |
| Others (conjunctivitis, ear discharge, epistaxis) | 3 (1.8 %) | |
| Diagnosis | ||
| Upper respiratory tract infection | ||
| Acute nasopharyngitis (common cold) | 41 (24.3 %) | |
| Croup | 10 (5.9 %) | |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | ||
| Bronchitis | 3 (1.8 %) | |
| Acute bronchiolitis | 9 (5.3 %) | |
| Pneumonia | 100 (59.2 %) | |
| Others (Chikungunya, UTI, meningitis, acute viral infection) | 6 (3.6 %) | |
| Numbers of pathogen detected | ||
| No pathogen detected | 14 (8.3 %) | |
| Single pathogen | 129 (76.3 %) | |
| Double pathogen | 25 (14.8 %) | |
| Triple pathogen | 1 (0.6 %) | |
| Median (IQR) length of stay (days) | 4 (2–5) | |
| ICU admission | ||
| Yes | 11 (6.5 %) | |
| No | 158 (93.5 %) | |
| Requirement of oxygen support | ||
| Yes | 100 (59.2 %) | |
| No | 68 (40.2 %) | |
| No information | 1 (0.6 %) | |
| Median (IQR) duration of oxygen use (days) | 2 (0–3) | |
| Requirement of mechanical ventilation | ||
| Yes | 7 (4.1 %) | |
| No | 162 (95.9 %) | |
| Use of antibacterial agents | ||
| Yes | 63 (37.3 %) | |
| No | 106 (62.7 %) | |
IQR; interquartile range, cm; centimeter, kg; kilogram, G6PD; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, VSD; ventricular septal defect, UTI; Urinary tract infection, ICU; intensive care unit.