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Schematic illustration of the mechanism of the inhibition of MIOX on ccRCC metastasis. MIOX inhibits autophagy, and therefore leads to ROS accumulation. Elevated ROS levels suppress the expression of p-STAT3 and c-Myc and inhibit the STAT3/c-Myc-mediated EMT and metastasis. MIOX: myo-inositol oxygenase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; STAT3: signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CQ: chloroquine; NAC: N-acetyl-l-cysteine.
