Table 2.
Volatile organic compounds emitted by figs of F. heterostyla and F. squamosa at receptive phase
| Code | Chemical compound | RI | Ficus heterostyla (% ± SD) | Ficus squamosa (% ± SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male trees (n = 7) | Female trees (n = 2) | Male trees (n = 7) | Female trees (n = 3) | |||
| Fatty acid derivatives | ||||||
| C1 | 4a-8-Dimethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene | 1,107 | 1.45 ± 1.13 | 4.72 ± 6.28 | ||
| Total | 1.45 | 4.27 | ||||
| Monoterpenes | ||||||
| C2 | α-Thujene | 929 | 1.34 ± 0.98 | 0.46 ± 0.25 | 2.81 ± 2.16 | 3.86 ± 2.25 |
| C3 | (1R)-(+)-α-Pinene# | 936 | 1.32 ± 1.17 | 1.29 ± 0.47 | 7.29 ± 4.07 | 6.26 ± 8.14 |
| C4 | cis-Sabinene# | 976 | 5.51 ± 3.56 | 1.70 ± 1.88 | 6.50 ± 4.76 | 8.46 ± 6.45 |
| C5 | (1S)-(-)-β-Pinene# | 979 | 0.86 ± 0.70 | 0.60 ± 0.35 | 1.72 ± 1.08 | 1.64 ± 1.14 |
| C6 | β-Myrcene# | 992 | 0.92 ± 0.79 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | ||
| C7 | α-Terpinene# | 1,019 | 0.49 ± 0.44 | |||
| C8 | D-Limonene# | 1,032 | 2.16 ± 2.97 | 31.76 ± 6.84 | 5.27 ± 5.43 | 3.83 ± 4.00 |
| C9 | Eucalyptol# | 1,034 | 15.85 ± 5.64 | 15.28 ± 21.60 | 13.32 ± 13.82 | 10.65 ± 10.07 |
| C10 | trans-β-Ocimene# | 1,040 | 3.12 ± 3.54 | 0.35 ± 0.49 | 5.46 ± 7.17 | 3.90 ± 4.81 |
| C11 | γ-Terpinene# | 1,061 | 0.94 ± 0.79 | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 1.92 ± 1.35 | 2.02 ± 1.09 |
| C12 | α-Terpinolene | 1,091 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.26 ± 0.37 | ||
| C13 | R-(-)-Linalool# | 1,101 | 0.30 ± 0.37 | 0.44 ± 0.63 | ||
| C14 | p-Cymene# | 1,027 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | ||
| Total | 33.32 | 53.43 | 44.29 | 41.07 | ||
| Aromatics | ||||||
| C15 | Methyl benzoate | 1,094 | 0.31 ± 0.56 | |||
| Total | 0.31 | |||||
| Sesquiterpenes and analogues | ||||||
| C16 | δ-Elemene | 1,345 | 0.24 ± 0.30 | 1.29 ± 1.61 | 0.50 ± 0.87 | |
| C17 | (+)-Cyclosativene# | 1,374 | 0.64 ± 1.24 | 2.17 ± 1.44 | ||
| C18 | α-Copaene# | 1,383 | 1.15 ± 0.55 | 0.71 ± 0.22 | 1.92 ± 2.06 | 3.99 ± 2.64 |
| C19 | Daucene | 1,386 | 2.66 ± 1.19 | 1.36 ± 0.45 | 9.89 ± 7.82 | 4.56 ± 7.90 |
| C20 | β-Panasinsene | 1,390 | 1.83 ± 2.60 | 7.44 ± 12.88 | ||
| C21 | β-Elemene# | 1,399 | 6.20 ± 2.08 | 14.00 ± 2.09 | 0.74 ± 0.82 | 0.62 ± 0.54 |
| C22 | α-Cedrene# | 1,411 | 0.57 ± 0.73 | |||
| C23 | β-Caryophyllene# | 1.428 | 7.63 ± 3.69 | 2.48 ± 0.93 | 1.52 ± 1.48 | 4.45 ± 3.65 |
| C24 | trans-α-Bergamotene | 1,443 | 0.86 ± 0.62 | 0.82 ± 0.28 | 0.87 ± 1.04 | 0.61 ± 0.58 |
| C25 | Aromandendrene# | 1,448 | 0.78 ± 0.88 | 2.00 ± 0.75 | 1.87 ± 2.50 | |
| C26 | β-Fanesene# | 1,461 | 3.20 ± 2.02 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 5.85 ± 4.28 | 6.70 ± 11.60 |
| C27 | α-Humulene# | 1,462 | 1.88 ± 1.33 | 0.33 ± 0.47 | ||
| C28 | γ-Muurolene | 1,485 | 1.31 ± 1.82 | 0.62 ± 0.60 | 0.44 ± 0.76 | |
| C29 | Germacrene B | 1,567 | 1.10 ± 0.32 | 0.26 ± 0.36 | 1.63 ± 1.95 | 1.86 ± 2.79 |
| C30 | (+)-β-Selinene# | 1,497 | 3.73 ± 2.41 | 9.49 ± 7.93 | ||
| C31 | Zingiberene | 1,501 | 0.27 ± 0.28 | 0.39 ± 0.50 | 0.25 ± 0.44 | |
| C32 | (+)-Valencene# | 1,501 | 1.17 ± 1.86 | 5.86 ± 8.42 | ||
| C33 | α-Selinene | 1,504 | 9.55 ± 9.49 | 8.79 ± 5.93 | ||
| C34 | Germacrene D | 1,491 | 1.70 ± 2.29 | 7.81 ± 6.53 | 8.42 ± 5.85 | |
| C35 | α-Farnesene# | 1,512 | 14.24 ± 7.30 | 5.22 ± 1.20 | ||
| C36 | γ-Cadinene# | 1,521 | 0.21 ± 0.36 | 0.42 ± 0.59 | ||
| C37 | β-Sesquiphellandrene | 1,530 | 2.10 ± 0.93 | 1.98 ± 1.02 | 1.45 ± 1.35 | |
| C38 | Dauca-4(11),8-diene | 1,537 | 2.86 ± 1.14 | 1.03 ± 0.49 | 4.84 ± 4.16 | 1.19 ± 2.06 |
| Total | 62.24 | 45.43 | 44.99 | 52.38 | ||
| Unclassifed | ||||||
| C39 | Unknown 1 | 1,390 | 0.32 ± 0.32 | 0.95 ± 0.78 | 0.57 ± 0.99 | |
| C40 | Unknown 4 | 1,428 | 2.86 ± 1.50 | 0.83 ± 0.21 | 5.39 ± 4.35 | 0.40 ± 0.70 |
| C41 | Unknown 6 | 1,465 | 0.95 ± 0.53 | 0.31 ± 0.43 | 2.93 ± 2.12 | 1.31 ± 2.28 |
| Total | 4.13 | 1.14 | 9.27 | 2.28 | ||
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
Note. The compounds detected for each type of floral scent emitted by figs are divided into classes based on general biosynthetic origin (Knudsen et al., 2006). Relative amounts = mean ± SD of the proportion of each compound in the total bouquet. RI, retention index. # represent chemicals have compared and confirmed with synthesized standards mass spectrum.