Table 2.
Learning Flow, Learning Satisfaction, Learning Self-Efficacy
| Variables | Virtual Clinical Simulation | Clinical Case Seminar |
t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M(SD) | M(SD) | |||
| Learning flow | ||||
| Challenge-skills balance | 3.77(0.78) | 3.96(0.58) | -2.24 | 0.031 |
| Clear goals | 3.24(1.04) | 3.26(0.88) | -0.23 | 0.819 |
| Unambiguous feedback | 3.39(1.05) | 3.39(1.05) | -1.68 | 0.101 |
| Action-awareness merging | 2.98(1.08) | 3.31(0.99) | -3.32 | 0.002 |
| Concentration on the task at hand | 2.86(1.03) | 2.92(0.90) | -0.60 | 0.551 |
| Sense of control | 2.92(1.03) | 2.87(0.87) | 0.47 | 0.641 |
| Loss of self-consciousness | 2.08(0.82) | 2.05(0.70) | 0.38 | 0.705 |
| Transformation of time | 2.63(1.12) | 2.52(1.06) | 1.12 | 0.270 |
| Autotelic experience | 2.76(1.08) | 2.92(0.96) | -1.38 | 0.174 |
| Total score | 2.95(0.85) | 3.04(0.67) | -1.16 | 0.250 |
| The difference between perceived challenge and perceived clinical practice skill | 21.79(23.89) | -22.14(26.00) | -7.10 | < 0.001 |
| Learning self-efficacy | 5.01(1.49) | 5.27(1.29) | -1.52 | 0.124 |
| Learning satisfaction | 3.71(1.01) | 3.82(0.85) | -0.92 | 0.365 |