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. 2023 Dec 1;23:2394. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17313-z

Table 2.

Comparisons of outdoor activities and behaviors related to scrub typhus exposure by tribes

Exposure Total
n (%)
Akha
n (%)
Lahu
n (%)
Hmong
n (%)
Lisu
n (%)
Yao
n (%)
χ2 p-value
Total 233(100.0) 125(53.7) 47(20.2) 15(6.4) 24(10.3) 22(9.4) N/A N/A
Sitting directly on the lawn without mats during work
 Never 55(23.6) 26(20.8) 4(8.5) 6(40.0) 12(50.0) 7(31.8) 18.82 0.001*
 Ever 78(76.4) 99(79.2) 43(91.5) 9(60.0) 12(50.0) 15(68.2)
Wild mushroom collecting
 Never 87(37.3) 48(38.4) 12(25.5) 7(46.7) 10(41.7) 10(45.5) 4.23 0.376
 Ever 146(62.7) 77(61.6) 35(74.5) 8(53.3) 14(58.3) 12(54.5)
Bamboo shoot collecting
 Never 54(23.2) 33(26.4) 9(19.1) 1(6.7) 7(29.2) 4(18.2) 4.25 0.374
 Ever 179(76.8) 92(73.6) 38(80.9) 14(93.3) 17(70.8) 18(81.8)
Firewood cutting
 Never 50(21.5) 23(18.4) 12(25.5) 3(20.0) 7(29.2) 5(22.7) 2.33 0.684a
 Ever 183(78.5) 102(81.6) 35(74.5) 12(80.0) 17(70.8) 17(77.3)
Bamboo cutting for basketry
 Never 143(61.4) 71(56.8) 28(59.6) 13(86.7) 16(66.7) 15(68.2) 5.93 0.205
 Ever 90(38.6) 54(43.2) 19(40.4) 2(13.3) 8(33.3) 7(31.8)
Straw for making brooms collecting
 Never 134(57.5) 74(59.2) 25(53.2) 6(40.0) 13(54.2) 16(72.7) 4.58 0.333
 Ever 99(42.5) 51(40.8) 22(46.8) 9(60.0) 11(45.8) 6(27.3)
Grass cutting
 Never 134(57.5) 61(48.8) 30(63.8) 14(93.3) 16(66.7) 13(59.1) 13.37 0.010*
 Ever 99(42.5) 64(51.2) 17(36.2) 1(6.7) 8(33.3) 9(40.9)
Bringing straw for feeding cows and buffaloes
 Never 203(87.1) 133(90.4) 41(87.2) 15(100.0) 20(83.3) 14(63.6) 11.95 0.011*, a
 Ever 30(12.9) 12(9.6) 6(12.8) 0(0.0) 4(16.7) 8(36.4)
Visiting the rice field
 No 42(18.0) 32(25.6) 7(14.9) 1(6.7) 1(4.2) 1(4.5) 11.50 0.017*, a
 Yes 191(82.0) 93(74.4) 40(85.1) 14(93.3) 23(95.8) 21(95.5)
Visiting the corn field
 No 49(21.0) 32(25.6) 10(21.3) 3(20.0) 1(4.2) 3(13.6) 6.61 0.148a
 Yes 184(79.0) 93(74.4) 37(78.7) 12(80.0) 23(95.8) 19(86.4)
Visiting the pineapple plantation
 No 215(92.3) 119(95.2) 42(89.4) 14(93.3) 24(100.0) 16(72.7) 12.23 0.007*, a
 Yes 18(7.7) 6(4.8) 5(10.6) 1(6.7) 0(0.0) 6(27.3)
Visiting the banana orchard
 No 154(66.1) 83(64.4) 29(61.7) 12(80.0) 12(50.0) 18(81.8) 6.91 0.141
 Yes 79(33.9) 42(33.6) 18(38.3) 3(20.0) 12(50.0) 4(18.2)
Visiting the tea plantation
 No 68(29.2) 10(8.0) 20(42.6) 13(86.7) 4(16.7) 21(95.5) 103.76  < 0.001*, a
 Yes 165(70.8) 155(92.0) 27(57.4) 2(13.3) 20(83.3) 1(4.5)
Visiting the coffee plantation
 No 160(68.7) 76(60.8) 41(87.2) 14(93.3) 9(37.5) 20(90.9) 31.26  < 0.001*, a
 Yes 73(31.3) 49(39.2) 6(12.8) 1(6.7) 15(62.5) 2(9.1)
Wearing long sleeves
 Never 8(3.4) 2(1.6) 1(2.1) 0(0.0) 3(12.5) 2(9.1) 10.48 0.126a
 Sometimes 14(6.0) 8(6.4) 4(8.5) 0(0.0) 2(8.3) 0(0.0)
 Everyday 211(90.6) 155(92.0) 42(89.4) 15(100.0) 19(79.2) 20(90.9)
Wearing long pants
 Never 6(2.6) 2(1.6) 2(4.3) 0(0.0) 1(4.2) 1(4.5) 11.04 0.103a
 Sometimes 16(6.9) 5(4.0) 6(12.8) 0(0.0) 4(16.6) 1(4.5)
 Everyday 211(90.6) 188(94.4) 39(83.0) 15(100.0) 19(79.2) 20(91.0)
Wearing boots
 Never 9(3.9) 3(2.4) 4(8.5) 0(0.0) 1(4.2) 1(4.5) 7.84 0.325a
 Sometimes 15(6.4) 11(8.8) 4(8.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
 Everyday 209(89.7) 111(88.8) 39(83.0) 15(100.0) 23(65.8) 21(95.5)
Wearing socks
 Never 41(17.6) 14(11.2) 20(42.6) 0(0.0) 4(16.7) 3(13.6) 28.74 0.001*, a
 Sometimes 22(9.4) 17(13.6) 3(6.4) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 2(9.1)
 Everyday 170(73.0) 94(75.2) 24(51.0) 15(100.0) 20(83.3) 17(77.3)
Wearing gloves
 Never 82(35.2) 32(25.6) 27(57.4) 6(40.0) 10(41.7) 7(31.8) 20.03 0.010*, a
 Sometimes 69(29.6) 43(34.4) 9(19.1) 4(26.7) 9(37.5) 4(18.2)
 Everyday 82(35.2) 50(40.0) 11(23.4) 5(33.3) 5(20.8) 11(53.3)
Washing clothes immediately after work
 Never 27(11.6) 12(9.6) 11(23.4) 0(0.0) 3(12.5) 1(4.5) 24.20 0.001*, a
 Sometimes 71(30.5) 36(28.8) 19(40.4) 0(0.0) 7(29.2) 9(40.9)
 Everyday 135(57.9) 77(61.6) 17(36.2) 15(100.0) 14(58.3) 12(54.5)

*Statistically significant at α = 0.05, aFisher exact test