Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses in identification factors associated with scrub typhus exposure
| Factors | Scrub typhus exposure | OR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) |
No n (%) |
|||||||
| Total | 233 (48.0) | 252 (52.0) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 110(52.9) | 98(47.1) | 1.41 | 0.98–2.02 | 0.065 | |||
| Female | 123(44.4) | 154(55.6) | 1.00 | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–29 | 10(18.9) | 43(81.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 30–39 | 28(31.5) | 61(68.5) | 1.97 | 0.87–4.49 | 0.104 | 1.91 | 0.80–4.53 | 0.143 |
| 40–49 | 41(45.6) | 49(54.4) | 3.60 | 1.61–8.04 | 0.002* | 2.23 | 0.92–5.41 | 0.078 |
| 50–59 | 60(55.6) | 48(44.4) | 5.38 | 2.45–11.79 | < 0.001* | 3.47 | 1.41–8.55 | 0.007* |
| ≥ 60 | 94(64.8) | 51(35.2) | 7.93 | 3.68–17.08 | < 0.001* | 4.31 | 1.73–10.72 | 0.002* |
| Tribe | ||||||||
| Akha | 125(55.6) | 100(44.4) | 2.02 | 1.29–3.17 | 0.002* | 2.20 | 1.31–3.72 | 0.003* |
| Lisu | 24(53.3) | 21(46.7) | 1.85 | 0.93–3.68 | 0.081 | 1.49 | 0.68–3.23 | 0.318 |
| Hmong | 15(35.7) | 27(64.3) | 0.90 | 0.43–1.86 | 0.773 | 1.08 | 0.48–2.46 | 0.851 |
| Yao | 22(44.0) | 28(56.0) | 1.27 | 0.65–2.47 | 0.481 | 0.89 | 0.42–1.87 | 0.755 |
| Lahu | 47(38.2) | 76(61.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 13(26.0) | 37(74.0) | 1.00 | |||||
| Married | 173(48.7) | 182(51.3) | 2.71 | 1.39–5.26 | 0.003* | |||
| Ever married | 47(58.8) | 33(41.2) | 4.05 | 1.87–8.78 | < 0.001* | |||
| Religion | ||||||||
| Buddhist | 111(51.9) | 103(48.1) | 1.32 | 0.92–1.89 | 0.134 | |||
| Christian | 122(45.0) | 149(55.0) | 1.00 | |||||
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 206(57.2) | 154(42.8) | 4.86 | 3.02–7.80 | < 0.001* | 3.46 | 1.93–6.21 | < 0.001* |
| Primary school and above | 27(21.6) | 98(78.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Having Thai ID card | ||||||||
| No | 42(41.6) | 59(58.4) | 0.72 | 0.46–1.12 | 0.145 | |||
| Yes | 191(49.7) | 193(50.3) | 1.00 | |||||
| Having free access to health care service | ||||||||
| No | 29(37.7) | 48(62.3) | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 176(49.7) | 178(50.3) | 1.64 | 0.99–2.71 | 0.056 | |||
| Others | 28(51.9) | 26(48.1) | 1.78 | 0.88–3.61 | 0.108 | |||
| Annual household income (bath) | ||||||||
| ≤ 30,000 | 94(46.8) | 107(53.2) | 1.15 | 0.53–2.49 | 0.725 | |||
| 30,001–50,000 | 65(43.3) | 85(56.7) | 1.00 | 0.45–2.21 | 1.000 | |||
| 50,001–100,000 | 61(58.7) | 43(41.3) | 1.86 | 0.82–4.22 | 0.140 | |||
| ≥ 100,001 | 13(43.3) | 17(56.7) | 1.00 | |||||
| Knowledge regarding scrub typhus prevention and control | ||||||||
| Low | 130(50.8) | 126(49.2) | 1.16 | 0.71–1.88 | 0.556 | |||
| Moderate | 62(43.7) | 80(56.3) | 0.87 | 0.51–1.49 | 0.609 | |||
| High | 41(47.1) | 46(52.9) | 1.00 | |||||
| Sitting directly on the lawn without mats during work | ||||||||
| Never | 55(48.2) | 59(51.8) | 1.00 | |||||
| Sometimes | 50(33.1) | 101(66.9) | 0.53 | 0.32–0.88 | 0.013* | |||
| Often | 128(58.2) | 92(41.8) | 1.49 | 0.95–2.35 | 0.084 | |||
| Grass cutting | ||||||||
| Never | 134(43.5) | 174(56.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Sometimes | 94(56.0) | 74(44.0) | 1.65 | 1.13–2.41 | 0.010* | 1.85 | 1.20–2.84 | 0.005* |
| Often | 5(55.6) | 4(44.4) | 1.62 | 0.43–6.16 | 0.477 | 1.21 | 0.29–5.02 | 0.792 |
| Visiting tea or coffee plantation | ||||||||
| No | 89(42.6) | 120(57.4) | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 144(52.2) | 132(47.8) | 1.47 | 1.02–2.11 | 0.037* | |||
| Wearing long sleeves | ||||||||
| Never | 8(57.1) | 6(42.9) | 1.00 | |||||
| Sometimes | 14(30.4) | 32(69.6) | 0.33 | 0.10–1.12 | 0.076 | |||
| Everyday | 211(49.6) | 214(50.4) | 0.74 | 0.25–2.17 | 0.582 | |||
| Wearing glove | ||||||||
| Never | 82(59.0) | 57(41.0) | 2.00 | 1.29–3.11 | 0.002* | 2.12 | 1.28–3.49 | 0.003* |
| Sometimes | 69(46.0) | 81(54.0) | 1.18 | 0.77–1.82 | 0.432 | 1.52 | 0.93–2.46 | 0.092 |
| Everyday | 82(41.8) | 114(58.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Having other animals live at or near home | ||||||||
| No | 112(43.6) | 145(56.4) | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 121(53.1) | 107(46.9) | 1.46 | 1.02–2.09 | 0.037* | |||
| Having contacting with animal at home | ||||||||
| Never | 75(54.7) | 62(45.3) | 1.09 | 0.69–1.69 | 0.710 | |||
| Sometimes | 59(36.9) | 101(63.1) | 0.53 | 0.34–0.81 | 0.003* | |||
| Everyday | 99(52.7) | 89(47.3) | 1.00 | |||||
*Statistically significant at α = 0.05