Table 2.

Composition analyses between trimester-average PM_2.5 and placental cell types

Effect of PM2.5	Syncytiotrophoblasts	Trophoblasts	Stromal	Endothelial	Hofbauer	nRBC	p-value*
Overall
T1	− 0.013 (− 0.034, 0.007)	0.015 (− 0.002, 0.035)	− 0.004 (− 0.010, 0.002)	0.002 (− 0.003, 0.007)	0 (− 0.002, 0.002)	0 (− 0.002, 0.002)	0.115
T2	0.005 (− 0.007, 0.017)	− 0.002 (− 0.011 0.007)	− 0.003 (− 0.008, 0.002)	− 0.003 (− 0.007, 0.002)	0.001 (0, 0.003)	0.001 (0, 0.003)	0.067
T3	0.002 (− 0.015, 0.016)	− 0.005 (− 0.018, 0.008)	0.004 (− 0.002, 0.009)	0 (− 0.005, 0.006)	0 (− 0.001, 0.001)	0 (− 0.003, 0.001)	0.162
Female
T1	0.005 (− 0.027, 0.036)	0.003 (− 0.020, 0.032)	− 0.007 (− 0.017, 0.002)	0 (− 0.008, 0.008)	− 0.001 (− 0.001, 0.001)	0 (− 0.003, 0.003)	0.160
T2	0.017 (− 0.001, 0.033)	− 0.010 (− 0.023, 0.004)	− 0.006 (− 0.012, 0.002)	− 0.003 (− 0.009, 0.003)	0 (− 0.001, 0.002)	0.001 (− 0.001, 0.004)	0.040
T3	− 0.002 (− 0.030, 0.019)	− 0.003 (− 0.024, 0.021)	0.004 (− 0.004, 0.013)	0.004 (− 0.003, 0.011)	0 (− 0.001, 0.002)	− 0.003 (− 0.005, − 0.001)	0.049
Males
T1	− 0.037 (− 0.066, − 0.012)	0.033 (0.009, 0.064)	0.001 (− 0.009, 0.009)	0.003 (− 0.006, 0.011)	0.002 (− 0.002, 0.011)	− 0.001 (− 0.003, 0.002)	0.033
T2	− 0.009 (− 0.027, 0.009)	0.006 (− 0.007, 0.020)	0.001 (− 0.007, 0.008)	− 0.002 (− 0.009, 0.005)	0.003 (− 0.001, 0.011)	0.001 (− 0.001, 0.003)	0.117
T3	0.010 (− 0.011, 0.028)	− 0.010 (− 0.023, 0.007)	0.002 (− 0.005, 0.010)	− 0.002 (− 0.009, 0.005)	− 0.001 (− 0.003, 0.002)	0.001 (− 0.001, 0.004)	0.131

^*Overall effects on cell-type composition p-value calculated based on the median F-statistic across 1000 bootstrap samples. In parenthesis are the 95% bootstrap confidence intervals. Significant results are highlighted in bold. T1: 1st trimester, T2: 2nd trimester, T3: 3rd trimester, nRBC: nucleated red blood cells