Table 2.

Cellular receptors involved in AGE recognition and signaling pathways

Receptor	Binding AGEs	Cellular functions	Signaling pathways involved	Related diseases/conditions
RAGE (Receptor for AGEs)	CML, CEL, Pentosidine, MG-H1	Activation of pro-inflammatory responses	NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, PI3K/Akt, NADPH oxidase	CVD, Diabetic nephropathy
AGER1/OST-48 (Advanced glycation end product-specific receptor 1)	CML, Pyrraline	Suppression of inflammation, AGER/RAGE antagonist	Suppression of RAGE-mediated signaling	CVD, Diabetic retinopathy
AGER2/SR-B1 (Advanced glycation end product-specific receptor 2)	CML, MG-H1	Endocytosis and clearance of AGEs, Regulation of lipid metabolism	PKC, JAK/STAT, MAPK, NF-κB	CVD, Alzheimer's disease
CD36 (Cluster of Differentiation 36)	CEL, Pentosidine	Macrophage foam cell formation, Oxidized LDL uptake	TLR4/TLR6, NF-κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, NADPH oxidase	Atherosclerosis, CVD
LOX-1 (Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1)	CML, Pyrraline	Endothelial dysfunction, Foam cell formation, Apoptosis	NF-κB, MAPK, NADPH oxidase, Caspases, FAK, Src family kinases	CVD, Diabetic retinopathy