Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants with metabolic syndrome in NHANES 1999–2002
| Characteristics | Total (n = 1980) | Tertile 1 (n = 660) | Tertile 2 (n = 660) | Tertile3 (n = 660) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), Mean ± SD | 58.0 ± 16.5 | 65.2 ± 14.0 | 57.6 ± 15.6 | 51.1 ± 16.6 | < 0.001 |
| Age group, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| <45 years | 434 (21.9) | 60 (9.1) | 142 (21.5) | 232 (35.2) | |
| 45–64 years | 775 (39.1) | 232 (35.2) | 272 (41.2) | 271 (41.1) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 771 (38.9) | 368 (55.8) | 246 (37.3) | 157 (23.8) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 1009 (51.0) | 307 (46.5) | 329 (49.8) | 373 (56.5) | |
| Male | 971 (49.0) | 353 (53.5) | 331 (50.2) | 287 (43.5) | |
| Height (cm), Mean ± SD | 167.2 ± 10.3 | 166.8 ± 10.3 | 167.2 ± 10.5 | 167.5 ± 10.1 | 0.476 |
| Weight(kg), Mean ± SD | 86.8 ± 19.8 | 84.5 ± 19.0 | 88.0 ± 20.9 | 87.9 ± 19.2 | 0.001 |
| BMI(kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 31.0 ± 5.9 | 30.2 ± 5.5 | 31.4 ± 6.3 | 31.3 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
| Mexican American | 438 (22.1) | 151 (22.9) | 162 (24.5) | 125 (18.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 335 (16.9) | 90 (13.6) | 110 (16.7) | 135 (20.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1075 (54.3) | 384 (58.2) | 350 (53) | 341 (51.7) | |
| Other Hispanic | 87 ( 4.4) | 24 (3.6) | 24 (3.6) | 39 (5.9) | |
| Other Race - Including Multi-Racial | 45 ( 2.3) | 11 (1.7) | 14 (2.1) | 20 (3) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Single | 147 ( 7.4) | 22 (3.3) | 44 (6.7) | 81 (12.3) | |
| Married | 1249 (63.1) | 421 (63.8) | 427 (64.7) | 401 (60.8) | |
| Divorced or separated or widowed | 584 (29.5) | 217 (32.9) | 189 (28.6) | 178 (27) | |
| Education, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| College Graduate or above | 351 (17.7) | 103 (15.6) | 124 (18.8) | 124 (18.8) | |
| High School Grad/GED or Equivalent | 475 (24.0) | 149 (22.6) | 152 (23) | 174 (26.4) | |
| less than high school | 691 (34.9) | 277 (42) | 216 (32.7) | 198 (30) | |
| Some College or AA degree | 463 (23.4) | 131 (19.8) | 168 (25.5) | 164 (24.8) | |
| Alcohol user, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| former | 483 (24.4) | 184 (27.9) | 162 (24.5) | 137 (20.8) | |
| heavy | 324 (16.4) | 74 (11.2) | 103 (15.6) | 147 (22.3) | |
| mild | 646 (32.6) | 222 (33.6) | 228 (34.5) | 196 (29.7) | |
| moderate | 209 (10.6) | 65 (9.8) | 73 (11.1) | 71 (10.8) | |
| never | 318 (16.1) | 115 (17.4) | 94 (14.2) | 109 (16.5) | |
| smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| former | 704 (35.6) | 266 (40.3) | 249 (37.7) | 189 (28.6) | |
| never | 958 (48.4) | 305 (46.2) | 307 (46.5) | 346 (52.4) | |
| now | 318 (16.1) | 89 (13.5) | 104 (15.8) | 125 (18.9) | |
| Annual family income, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| $0 to $19,999 | 644 (32.5) | 264 (40) | 182 (27.6) | 198 (30) | |
| $20,000 to $34,999 | 488 (24.6) | 156 (23.6) | 184 (27.9) | 148 (22.4) | |
| $35,000 to $54,999 | 327 (16.5) | 95 (14.4) | 111 (16.8) | 121 (18.3) | |
| more than $55,000 | 521 (26.3) | 145 (22) | 183 (27.7) | 193 (29.2) | |
| Telomere Length (BP), Mean ± SD | 5593.1 ± 591.4 | 5018.5 ± 202.4 | 5515.8 ± 131.2 | 6245.0 ± 479.6 | < 0.001 |
| Telomere T/S, Mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 0.956 | ||||
| Mild | 90 ( 4.5) | 31 (4.7) | 30 (4.5) | 29 (4.4) | |
| Moderate | 30 ( 1.5) | 11 (1.7) | 11 (1.7) | 8 (1.2) | |
| Non-Aemia | 1859 (93.9) | 618 (93.6) | 619 (93.8) | 622 (94.2) | |
| Severe | 1 ( 0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Asthma, n (%) | 0.579 | ||||
| no | 1696 (85.7) | 571 (86.5) | 558 (84.5) | 567 (85.9) | |
| yes | 284 (14.3) | 89 (13.5) | 102 (15.5) | 93 (14.1) | |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| no | 1463 (73.9) | 435 (65.9) | 491 (74.4) | 537 (81.4) | |
| yes | 517 (26.1) | 225 (34.1) | 169 (25.6) | 123 (18.6) | |
| Angina, n (%) | 0.291 | ||||
| no | 1871 (94.5) | 617 (93.5) | 624 (94.5) | 630 (95.5) | |
| yes | 109 ( 5.5) | 43 (6.5) | 36 (5.5) | 30 (4.5) | |
| Heart attack, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| no | 1868 (94.3) | 603 (91.4) | 631 (95.6) | 634 (96.1) | |
| yes | 112 ( 5.7) | 57 (8.6) | 29 (4.4) | 26 (3.9) | |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 0.069 | ||||
| no | 1895 (95.7) | 623 (94.4) | 632 (95.8) | 640 (97) | |
| yes | 85 ( 4.3) | 37 (5.6) | 28 (4.2) | 20 (3) | |
| COPD, n (%) | 0.008 | ||||
| no | 1918 (96.9) | 628 (95.2) | 645 (97.7) | 645 (97.7) | |
| yes | 62 ( 3.1) | 32 (4.8) | 15 (2.3) | 15 (2.3) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 0.331 | ||||
| no | 1873 (94.6) | 619 (93.8) | 623 (94.4) | 631 (95.6) | |
| yes | 107 ( 5.4) | 41 (6.2) | 37 (5.6) | 29 (4.4) | |
| DM, n (%) | 0.515 | ||||
| DM | 436 (23.1) | 160 (24.7) | 150 (23.7) | 126 (20.9) | |
| IFG | 205 (10.9) | 73 (11.2) | 69 (10.9) | 63 (10.4) | |
| no | 1244 (66.0) | 416 (64.1) | 414 (65.4) | 414 (68.7) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| no | 601 (30.4) | 165 (25) | 201 (30.5) | 235 (35.6) | |
| yes | 1379 (69.6) | 495 (75) | 459 (69.5) | 425 (64.4) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.31 | ||||
| no | 291 (14.7) | 100 (15.2) | 86 (13) | 105 (15.9) | |
| yes | 1689 (85.3) | 560 (84.8) | 574 (87) | 555 (84.1) | |
| stroke, n (%) | 0.073 | ||||
| no | 1905 (96.2) | 629 (95.3) | 632 (95.8) | 644 (97.6) | |
| yes | 75 ( 3.8) | 31 (4.7) | 28 (4.2) | 16 (2.4) | |
| Cancer, n (%) | 0.007 | ||||
| no | 1741 (87.9) | 561 (85) | 582 (88.2) | 598 (90.6) | |
| yes | 239 (12.1) | 99 (15) | 78 (11.8) | 62 (9.4) | |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Alive | 1161 (58.6) | 281 (42.6) | 415 (62.9) | 465 (70.5) | |
| Dead | 819 (41.4) | 379 (57.4) | 245 (37.1) | 195 (29.5) | |
| Death cause, n (%) | 0.105 | ||||
| Accidents | 25 ( 3.1) | 7 (1.8) | 5 (2) | 13 (6.7) | |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 34 ( 4.2) | 18 (4.7) | 6 (2.4) | 10 (5.1) | |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 44 ( 5.4) | 24 (6.3) | 13 (5.3) | 7 (3.6) | |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 33 ( 4.0) | 15 (4) | 10 (4.1) | 8 (4.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 ( 4.0) | 11 (2.9) | 10 (4.1) | 12 (6.2) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 231 (28.2) | 108 (28.5) | 71 (29) | 52 (26.7) | |
| Influenza and pneumonia | 11 ( 1.3) | 8 (2.1) | 3 (1.2) | 0 (0) | |
| Cancer | 183 (22.3) | 81 (21.4) | 55 (22.4) | 47 (24.1) | |
| Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis | 12 ( 1.5) | 7 (1.8) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.5) | |
| All other causes (residual) | 213 (26.0) | 100 (26.4) | 70 (28.6) | 43 (22.1) | |
| Follow time, Mean ± SD | 15.3 ± 5.4 | 13.8 ± 6.1 | 15.6 ± 5.2 | 16.6 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |