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. 2023 Dec 1;23:793. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-04503-y

Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 6-years mortality in relation to living arrangement and perceived loneliness status

Living arrangement and loneliness
Live with someone and not lonely Live with someone and lonely Live alone and not lonely Live alone and lonely
Men:
Unadjusted 1.0 0.48 (0.11-2.03) 1.90 (0.83-4.35) 2.52 (1.26-5.07)
Basic model (age adjusted) 1.0 0.41 (0.10-1.73) 1.62 (0.70-3.75) 2.18 (1.08-4.43)
Basic model plus:
 Poor socioeconomic situation 1.0 0.41 (0.10-1.74) 1.66 (0.72-3.84) 2.29 (1.10-4.76)
 Hypercholesterolemia 1.0 0.41 (0.10-1.73) 1.61 (0.70-3.74) 2.16 (1.05-4.44)
 Depression 1.0 0.32 (0.07-1.42) 1.56 (0.67-3.63) 1.94 (0.94-4.01)
 All factors 1.0 0.32 (0.07-1.40) 1.59 (0.68-3.71) 2.04 (0.95-4.37)
Women:
Unadjusted 1.0 4.52 (1.43-14.23) 1.05 (0.25-4.40) 2.55 (0.86-7.63)
Basic model (age adjusted) 1.0 4.15 (1.32-13.09) 1.16 (0.28-4.88) 1.99 (0.66-6.01)
Basic model plus: 1.0
 Poor socioeconomic situation 1.0 4.11 (1.29-13.12) 1.15 (0.27-4.91) 1.97 (0.62-6.25)
 Smoking 1.0 5.07 (1.25-20.46) 1.75 (0.35-8.61) 2.64 (0.69-10.20)
 Physical inactivity 1.0 3.22 (0.73-14.31) 2.10 (0.42-10.42) 2.42 (0.62-9.48)
 Cancer 1.0 4.98 (1.23-20.09) 1.96 (0.40-9.74) 3.32 (0.87-12.71)
 Chronic bronchitis 1.0 4.66 (1.12-19.43) 1.74 (0.35-8.77) 2.63 (0.68-10.29)
 Depression 1.0 3.69 (1.11-12.23) 1.15 (0.27-4.83) 1.80 (0.57-5.65)
 All factors 1.0 1.90 (0.40-9.16) 1.43 (0.27-7.69) 2.03 (0.47-8.82)

Only significant variables from Table 1 are selected for adjustments