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. 2023 Dec 2;15:246. doi: 10.1186/s13098-023-01235-2

Table 2.

Adjusted hazard ratios/odds ratio of outcomes at 12-month according to Adipo-IR

Model 1a Model 2 b Model 3 c
Outcomes Adipo-IR groups N Events, n (%) HR/OR (95%CI) d P Value HR/OR (95%CI) d P Value HR/OR (95%CI) d P Value
Stroke recurrence Q1 (< 2.28) 447 24 (5.4) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 (2.28-4.00) 440 39 (8.9) 1.84 (1.08–3.13) 0.03 1.77 (1.04–3.03) 0.04 1.68 (1.24–2.28) < 0.001
Q3 (4.01–6.05) 447 48 (10.7) 2.32 (1.38–3.90) 0.002 2.19 (1.30–3.68) 0.003 2.08 (1.55–2.80) < 0.001
Q4 (6.06–9.49) 441 37 (8.4) 1.93 (1.11–3.36) 0.02 1.84 (1.06–3.21) 0.03 1.82 (1.33–2.50) < 0.001
Q5 (≥ 9.50) 447 37 (8.3) 2.22 (1.27–3.91) 0.01 2.11 (1.20–3.71) 0.01 2.12 (1.55–2.91) < 0.001
Per SD 1.19 (1.02–1.39) 0.03 1.19 (1.01–1.39) 0.03 1.22 (1.12–1.33) < 0.001
P for trend 0.04 0.055 < 0.001
Combined vascular events e Q1 (< 2.28) 447 28 (6.3) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 (2.28-4.00) 440 41 (9.3) 1.65 (0.99–2.72) 0.052 1.60 (0.97–2.64) 0.07 1.51 (1.13–2.01) 0.01
Q3 (4.01–6.05) 447 49 (11.0) 2.02 (1.24–3.30) 0.01 1.91 (1.17–3.13) 0.01 1.82 (1.38–2.40) < 0.001
Q4 (6.06–9.49) 441 38 (8.6) 1.69 (0.99–2.86) 0.051 1.62 (0.96–2.75) 0.07 1.61 (1.20–2.17) 0.002
Q5 (≥ 9.50) 447 37 (8.3) 1.91 (1.11–3.26) 0.02 1.80 (1.05–3.09) 0.03 1.81 (1.34–2.45) < 0.001
Per SD 1.17 (1.02–1.37) 0.045 1.17 (0.98–1.37) 0.055 1.20 (1.10–1.31) < 0.001
P for trend 0.08 0.12 0.003
Death Q1 (< 2.28) 447 12 (2.7) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 (2.28-4.00) 440 9 (2.0) 0.92 (0.37–2.29) 0.86 0.91 (0.36–2.32) 0.84 0.91 (0.54–1.54) 0.72
Q3 (4.01–6.05) 447 16 (3.6) 1.55 (0.68–3.52) 0.30 1.72 (0.75–3.99) 0.20 1.68 (1.04–2.71) 0.03
Q4 (6.06–9.49) 441 9 (2.0) 1.07 (0.41–2.84) 0.89 1.16 (0.43–3.14) 0.76 1.23 (0.71–2.14) 0.47
Q5 (≥ 9.50) 447 12 (2.7) 1.77 (0.72–4.36) 0.21 1.55 (0.62–3.91) 0.35 1.53 (0.91–2.57) 0.11
Per SD 1.07 (0.78–1.46) 0.67 1.01 (0.74–1.38) 0.95 0.99 (0.84–1.18) 0.95
P for trend 0.19 0.33 0.08
Poor outcome f Q1 (< 2.28) 439 43 (9.8) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 (2.28-4.00) 427 47 (11.0) 1.20 (0.76–1.91) 0.44 1.19 (0.73–1.95) 0.49 1.19 (0.90–1.58) 0.21
Q3 (4.01–6.05) 436 52 (11.9) 1.45 (0.92–2.28) 0.11 1.35 (0.83–2.19) 0.22 1.30 (0.99–1.71) 0.06
Q4 (6.06–9.49) 435 53 (12.2) 1.72 (1.07–2.75) 0.02 1.62 (0.98–2.69) 0.06 1.62 (1.22–2.15) 0.001
Q5 (≥ 9.50) 432 55 (12.7) 2.00 (1.23–3.24) < 0.001 1.53 (0.91–2.56) 0.11 1.47 (1.10–1.96) 0.01
Per SD 1.25 (1.08–1.45) < 0.001 1.15 (0.98–1.36) 0.09 1.14 (1.04–1.25) 0.004
P for trend 0.003 0.09 <0.001

Abbreviations: Adipo-IR, adipose tissue specific insulin resistance index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score; OR, odds ratio; TOAST, Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment

a Model 1: adjusted for sex and age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, current smoking, history of antihypertensive medications, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at admission, antihypertensive agents and intravenous alteplase use during hospitalization and antihypertensive agents during 1-year follow-up

b Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + prior stroke, TOAST etiology subtype, pre-stroke mRS, NIHSS at admission

c Model 3: model 2 using the inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted approach to account for missing data for serum fasting insulin and fasting free fatty acids

d HR for stroke recurrence, combined vascular events and death, while OR for poor outcome

e Combined vascular events were defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, recurrent stroke (either ischemic or hemorrhagic) and vascular death, whichever occurred first

f Poor outcome: modified Rankin Scale 3–6