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. 2023 Dec 2;23:643. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02792-4

Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies

No Author (Year), Country Study design Participants Methods
1 Asabu & Altaseb (2021), [2] Ethiopia Cross-sectional Women aged 15–49 years old, married and living with husband Analysis of data from 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
2 Alemayehu & Meskele (2017), [4] Ethiopia Cross-sectional 967 women through three-stage sampling method from 17 rural districts of 2 out of 13 zones of the region Face-to-face survey through an interview format
3 Osamor & Grady (2018), [5] Nigeria Cross-sectional 27,135 women aged 15–49 years old who lived with their husbands/partners Analysis of data from 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey
4 Ahmed et al. (2019), [9] Pakistan Q-methodology 60 women, 57 men, 20 healthcare professionals in Lahore, Pakistan Participants completed Q-sorts individually, and data were collected in person using standardized instructions
5 Mare et al. (2022), [15] Ethiopia Cross-sectional 3668 married reproductive age women (15–49 y.o) currently using contraceptives Analysis of data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
6 Kiani et al. (2020), [16] Iran Cross-sectional 400 women selected via multistage cluster sampling from attendees of health centers Data were collected using six questionnaires (demographic, socioeconomic, social support, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, a marital satisfaction questionnaire, and an empowerment survey)
7 Rizkianti et al. (2020), [17] Indonesia Cross-sectional 3435 women of reproductive age (15- 49 years) who had given birth within one year preceding the survey Analysis of data from 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
8 Sougou et al. (2020), [18] Senegal Cross-sectional 8865 women aged 15- 49 years Analysis of data from 2017 Senegal Demographic and Health Survey