Table 2.

Examples of digital tools' impact on health literacy.

Reference	Digital tool	Impact on health literacy
Barello et al. (63)	Mobile health apps	Demonstrated success in providing personalised education and support to patients, leading to improved knowledge and self-management abilities.
Laranjo et al. (39)	Mobile health apps	Showed promise in delivering tailored education and facilitating patient engagement through conversational agents.
Liang et al. (64)	Mobile health apps	Highlighted the widespread use of smartphones in advanced and emerging economies, indicating their potential for health-related purposes.
Richards et al. (65)	Mobile health apps	Showed positive impacts on self-management behaviours and treatment adherence, empowering patients to actively participate in their care.
Hollander et al. (40)	Telemedicine platforms	Enabled real-time access to patient information, facilitating informed decisions and multidisciplinary collaboration, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making.
Eldaly et al. (66)	Telemedicine platforms	Facilitated seamless information sharing, reducing medical errors and enhancing care coordination among healthcare providers.
Sutton et al. (67)	Telemedicine platforms	Described the potential of mobile health apps equipped with decision support systems to enhance clinical decision-making by providing evidence-based recommendations to healthcare providers.
Roh and Won (68)	Online health information resources	Identified concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of online health information, particularly for individuals with low health literacy.
Yao et al. (69)	Online health information resources	Explored the concept of eHealth literacy and the need to address the digital divide in accessing and evaluating health information online.
Belfrage et al. (70)	Online health information resources	Highlighted the importance of protecting sensitive health data and ensuring transparent data governance to maintain patient trust in digital health platforms.