| Causes |
Description |
| Decreased Intake |
Low Mg2+ diet |
| Alcoholism |
| Fasting |
| Decreased Intestinal Absorption |
Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) malignancy |
| Bariatric bypass surgery |
| Short bowel syndrome |
| Hypovitaminosis D |
| Drugs (proton pump inhibitor) |
|
Internal Redistribution |
Refeeding syndrome |
| Sepsis |
| Acute pancreatitis |
| Hungry bone syndrome |
| Massive transfusion with citrated blood |
| Chronic metabolic acidosis |
| Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Increased Loss |
Renal |
| Hereditary |
| Bartter/ Gitelman syndrome (GS) |
| Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis |
| Autosomal dominant isolated hypomagnesemia |
| Autosomal recessive isolated hypomagnesemia |
| HNF1B mutation in early-onset diabetes mellitus |
| Acquired |
| Hypercalcemia in hyperparathyroidism |
| Acute tubular necrosis, e.g., aminoglycosides induced |
| Diuresis, e.g. Loop or thiazide diuretics, acute kidney injury resolution |
| Post kidney transplant |
| Hypokalemia & hyperaldosteronism *acquired or hereditary |
| Uncontrolled DM |
|
Extra-Renal |
| Prolonged large-volume diarrheal disease |
| Prolonged nasogastric suction or biliary fistula combined with parenteral administration of Mg2+-free fluids. |
| Severe Vomiting |
