Table 6. Causes of hypermagnesemia.

Note: Table 6 was developed on the basis of earlier published paper [27].

Causes	Description
Increased intake	Amplified absorption due to poor gut motility (typical in the elderly, treatment with anticholinergics or opioids, inflammatory bowel disease patients).
	Laxatives (Mg2+ citrate), antacids (Mg2+ trisilicate), bowel preparation agents (Na+ picosulfate/Mg2+ citrate), and in treatment for eclampsia (intravenous Mg2+ sulfate).
	Extreme oral intake in chronic kidney disease patients.
	Milk-alkali syndrome (large amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+).
	Newborns to mothers receiving Mg2+ sulfate for eclampsia.
Decreased renal excretion	Acute or chronic kidney disease.
	Adrenocortical insufficiency
	Hyperparathyroidism
	Hypercalcemia and/or hypocalciuria e.g., Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH).
	Lithium-based psychotropic drugs.
Compartment shift or leak	Hemolysis.
	Tumor lysis syndrome.
	Rhabdomyolysis.
	Acidosis, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis.