FIGURE 4.

Application of 3D in vitro tumor‐immune coculture system on tumor immunology and tumor immunotherapy. Mechanisms and major influencing factors of tumor immunotherapy and tumor‐immune interactions are the main applications of the 3D in vitro tumor‐immune coculture system, which can be summarized in four aspects in the inner circle: immunotherapy simulation and prediction, immunotherapy optimization, tumor microenvironment factor analysis, and discovery of key modulatory genes. The eight parts of the outer circle are further subdivisions the four aspects of the inner circle. Figure was created with BioRender.com.