TABLE 2.
Summary of clinical characteristics of included studies.
| Study (author/year) | Location | Number of patients | Age (year) | Gender (male %) | Intervention | Treatment course | Admission | Population inclusion | Data Selected | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | C | I | C | I | C | I | C | time | |||||
| Yan et al., (2021) | Chengdu, Sichuan Province | 11092 | 10973 | 47.29 ± 16.72 | 51.67 ± 18.48 | 48.67 | 47.27 | Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquids (10mL, bid) | N | 5d | 2020.1.30–2020.2.29 | Healthy people | 1, 2, 20 |
| Jinhao Jiere granules (8g, bid) | |||||||||||||
| Wang ZZ et al. (2021) | Linxia, Gansu Province | 927 | 927 | NR | NR | 31.39 | 31.39 | Yupingfeng powder prescription (200mL, bid) | N | 5-7d | 2020.1.28–2.29 | Healthy people | 1, 2, 20 |
| Zheng. (2021) | Taian, Shandong Province | 240 | 240 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Yupingfeng powder prescription (1 dose/d, 150mL, bid) | N | 14d | 2020.1–2020.4 | Healthy people | 1, 3, 20 |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | Zhuhai, Guangdong Province | 5128 | 5128 | 40.43 ± 11.84 | 42.36 ± 12.96 | 42.18 | 48.38 | Xiao chaihu decoction and Yupingfeng powder prescription (1 bag, bid) | N | 7d | 2020.2.20–2021.1.20 | Healthy people | 1, 2 |
| Zheng. (2021) | Fuzhou, Fujian Province | 30 | 30 | 43.56 ± 8.87 | 43.86 ± 9.1 | 56.67 | 46.67 | CHM (external use, qd) | N | 30d | 2020.2–2020.11 | Healthy people | 4, 5, 6 |
| Xiao et al. (2021) | Zhuzhou, Hunan Province | 50 | 50 | 58.37 ± 5.28 | 59.16 ± 5.34 | 68 | 66 | COVID-19 Prevention Prescription No. 2 (1 dose/d, 200mL, bid) + C | cpt | 63d | 2020.1.1–2020.3.15 | Patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy | 9 |
| Liu et al. (2020a) | Zhuzhou, Hunan Province | 151 | 51 | 45.83 ± 3.40 | 45.43 ± 4.33 | 37.08 | 35.29 | COVID-19 Prevention Prescription No. 1 (1 dose/d, 200mL, bid) | N | 4d | 2020.3.15–2020.4.7 | Healthy young people | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| Liu et al. (2020b) | Zhuzhou, Hunan Province | 146 | 50 | 65.35 ± 5.24 | 65.35 ± 7.63 | 35.61 | 40 | COVID-19 Prevention Prescription No. 1 (1 dose/d, 200mL, bid) | N | 4d | 2020.3.15–2020.4.7 | Healthy older people | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 |
| Wang F et al. (2021) | Mianyang, Sichuan Province | 494 | 590 | NR | NR | 32.39 | 28.47 | Yiqi Fanggan recipe (2 dose/3 d, 200mL, bid) | N | 7d | 2020.5–2020.7 | Healthy people | 1, 2 |
| Yang et al. (2021) | Shenzhen, Guangdong Province | 17 | 17 | 45.6 ± 12.5 | 47.7 ± 14.6 | 35.29 | 47.06 | Jiegeng Xingren flavored formula (1 dose/d, 200mL, bid) + C | cpt | 14d | 2020.1.28–2020.2.28 | Suspected COVID-19 | 10, 11, 17, 19 |
| Zheng and Lu. (2021) | Shenyang, Liaoning Province | 18 | 14 | 51.2 ± 19.4 | 53.1 ± 20.0 | 55.56 | 50 | Xiao chaihu decoction and Yupingfeng powder prescription (1 dose/d, 100mL, bid) + C | cpt | 5d | 2020.1.25–2020.3.14 | Suspected COVID-19 | 10, 11, 12, 15, 19 |
| Wang et al. (2020) | Shenzhen, Guangdong Province | 90 | 90 | 37.23 ± 12.48 | 36.65 ± 13.57 | 67.78 | 68.89 | Suspected COVID-19 formula No. 1 (200mL, bid) + C | cpt | 3d | 2020.2.7–2020.3.20 | Suspected COVID-19 | 3 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | Wuhan, Hubei Province | 63 | 38 | 59.12 ± 16.56 | 60.20 ± 17.01 | 44.4 | 47.4 | Lianhua Qingwen granules (1 bag, tid) + C | cpt | 10d | 2020.1.1–2020.1.27 | Suspected COVID-19 | 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 |
| Fang et al. (2020) | Xiangyang, Hubei Province | 42 | 41 | 4.8 ± 3.7 | 3.9 ± 3.2 | 42.86 | 39.02 | Lianhua Qingwen granules + C | cpt | 5d | 2020.1.28–2020.3.31 | Suspected COVID-19 | 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18 |
| Wang et al. (2022) | Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province | 1016 | 270 | 41.0 (Median) | 35.0 (Median) | 46.77 | 50 | Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Fuzhengyiqin-g prescription (1 dose/2 d, 100mL, bid) | N | 6d | 2020.8.4–2020.9.5 | Suspected COVID-19 | 1 |
| Liu et al. (2023) | Shanghai | 4385 | 4821 | 50.00 (34.00, 54.50) (IQR) | 47.00 (31.50, 54.00) (IQR) | 68.27 | 66.07 | Qiangshen Kangyi Decoction (1 dose/d, bid) | N | 7d | 2022.4–2022.7 | Healthy people | 1, 20 |
| Xie et al. (2023) | Xi’an, Shanxi Province | 66 | 66 | 31.86 ± 6.75 | 29.71 ± 6.53 | 18.19 | 24.24 | Yiqi Kangfei decoction (1 dose/d, 200mL, bid) | N | 14d | 2021.12–2022.3 | Suspected COVID-19 | 1, 20 |
C, control group; I, intervention group; NR, not reported in original studies; CPT, conventional pharmaceutical treatment (the same as drugs in comparison group); N, no treatment.
Outcomes: 1, COVID-19, incidence; 2, influenza incidence; 3, severe pneumonia incidence; 4, IgA; 5, IgM; 6, IgG; 7, C3; 8, C4; 9, CD4+/CD8+; 10, disappearance rate of fever; 11, disappearance rate of cough; 12, disappearance rate of sputum; 13, disappearance rate of nasal obstruction; 14,disappearance rate of runny nose; 15, disappearance rate of sore throat; 16,disappearance rate of shortness of breath; 17,disappearance rate of fatigue; 18, disappearance rate of muscle pain; 19, disappearance rate of poor appetite; 20, adverse reactions.