TABLE 6.
Summarized data for sensitivity analysis.
| Outcome | Study | Data with study removed RR/WMD (95% CI) | I 2 (%) | Test for overall effect Z P |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 incidence | Liu et al. (2023) | 0.42 [0.27, 0.66] | 0% | 3.77 | 0.0002 |
| Wang F et al. (2021) | 0.24 [0.11, 0.53] | 66% | 3.55 | 0.0004 | |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | 0.24 [0.10, 0.55] | 73% | 3.37 | 0.0007 | |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | 0.22 [0.08, 0.57] | 72% | 3.07 | 0.002 | |
| Xie et al. (2023) | 0.26 [0.11, 0.59] | 73% | 3.22 | 0.001 | |
| Yan et al., 2021 | 0.24 [0.11, 0.53] | 66% | 3.55 | 0.0004 | |
| Zhang (2021) | 0.27 [0.11, 0.62] | 72% | 3.06 | 0.002 | |
| Wang et al. (2022) | 0.16 [0.10, 0.25] | 0% | 8.15 | <0.00001 | |
| Influenza incidence | Wang F et al. (2021) | 0.18 [0.03, 1.16] | 82% | 1.80 | 0.07 |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | 0.46 [0.26, 0.84] | 70% | 2.54 | 0.01 | |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | 0.17 [0.03, 0.83] | 74% | 2.19 | 0.03 | |
| Yan et al., 2021 | 0.50 [0.28, 0.92] | 67% | 2.22 | 0.03 | |
| Severe pneumonia incidence | Zhang (2021) | 0.15 [0.04, 0.66] | Not applicable | 2.51 | 0.01 |
| Wang et al. (2020) | 0.33 [0.01, 8.14] | Not applicable | 0.67 | 0.50 | |
| IgA | Liu et al. (2020b) | 0.41 [-0.01, 0.84] | 86% | 1.89 | 0.06 |
| 0.24 [-0.52, 1.00] | 96% | 0.62 | 0.54 | ||
| Zheng (2021) | 0.02 [-0.31, 0.36] | 77% | 0.13 | 0.90 | |
| IgM | Liu et al. (2020b) | 0.17 [-0.47, 0.81] | 96% | 0.52 | 0.60 |
| 0.18 [-0.46, 0.82] | 93% | 0.54 | 0.59 | ||
| Zheng (2021) | −0.16 [-0.35, 0.02] | 0% | 1.76 | 0.08 | |
| IgG | Liu et al. (2020b) | 1.62 [-0.20, 3.43] | 91% | 1.74 | 0.08 |
| 1.14 [-1.57, 3.85] | 97% | 0.82 | 0.41 | ||
| Zheng (2021) | 0.16 [-0.73, 1.05] | 53% | 0.36 | 0.72 | |
| C3 | Liu et al. (2020b) | 0.00 [-0.04, 0.04] | Not applicable | 0.14 | 0.89 |
| 0.02 [-0.03, 0.08] | Not applicable | 0.83 | 0.41 | ||
| C4 | Liu et al. (2020b) | 0.01 [-0.01, 0.02] | Not applicable | 0.91 | 0.37 |
| −0.00 [-0.02, 0.01] | Not applicable | 0.39 | 0.69 | ||
| CD4+/CD8+ | Liu et al. (2020b) | 0.15 [-0.01, 0.32] | 61% | 1.84 | 0.07 |
| −0.02 [-0.28, 0.24] | 76% | 0.15 | 0.88 | ||
| Xiao et al. (2021) | 0.05 [-0.39, 0.48] | 87% | 0.21 | 0.83 | |
| Disappearance rate of fever | Yang et al. (2021) | 1.28 [0.98, 1.68] | 71% | 1.81 | 0.07 |
| Zheng and Lu. (2021) | 1.26 [0.88, 1.80] | 84% | 1.25 | 0.21 | |
| Fang et al. (2020) | 1.10 [0.92, 1.30] | 54% | 1.06 | 0.29 | |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.18 [0.84, 1.67] | 87% | 0.96 | 0.34 | |
| Disappearance rate of cough | Yang et al. (2021) | 1.74 [1.23, 2.47] | 0% | 3.14 | 0.002 |
| Zheng and Lu. (2021) | 1.48 [0.85, 2.59] | 77% | 1.37 | 0.17 | |
| Fang et al. (2020) | 1.34 [0.83, 2.15] | 64% | 1.19 | 0.23 | |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.35 [0.82, 2.24] | 65% | 1.18 | 0.24 | |
| Disappearance rate of sputum | Zheng and Lu. (2021) | 1.86 [0.67, 5.17] | 74% | 1.18 | 0.24 |
| Fang et al. (2020) | 1.50 [0.80, 2.83] | 39% | 1.26 | 0.21 | |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 2.81 [1.46, 5.41] | 0% | 3.09 | 0.002 | |
| Disappearance rate of nasal obstruction | Fang et al. (2020) | 0.89 [0.33, 2.37] | Not applicable | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.31 [0.70, 2.44] | Not applicable | 0.85 | 0.40 | |
| Disappearance rate of runny nose | Fang et al. (2020) | 0.90 [0.53, 1.53] | Not applicable | 0.39 | 0.69 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.33 [0.54, 3.32] | Not applicable | 0.62 | 0.54 | |
| Disappearance rate of sore throat | Zheng and Lu. (2021) | 2.00 [0.33, 11.97] | Not applicable | 0.76 | 0.45 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.00 [0.86, 1.17] | Not applicable | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Disappearance rate of shortness of breath | Fang et al. (2020) | 3.41 [1.36, 8.57] | Not applicable | 2.61 | 0.009 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.62 [0.98, 2.69] | Not applicable | 1.87 | 0.06 | |
| Disappearance rate of fatigue | Yang et al. (2021) | 1.41 [1.00, 1.97] | Not applicable | 1.98 | 0.05 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.00 [0.62, 1.60] | Not applicable | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Disappearance rate of muscle pain | Fang et al. (2020) | 1.36 [0.66, 2.83] | Not applicable | 0.83 | 0.41 |
| Lv et al. (2020) | Not estimable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| Disappearance rate of poor appetite | Yang et al. (2021) | 1.33 [0.98, 1.81] | 46% | 1.81 | 0.07 |
| Zheng and Lu. (2021) | 1.17 [0.86, 1.58] | 0% | 1.02 | 0.31 | |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 1.87 [0.88, 3.99] | 48% | 1.62 | 0.11 | |
| Adverse reactions | Liu et al. (2023) | 9.82 [0.04, 2649.58] | 95% | 0.80 | 0.42 |
| Wang YL et al. (2021) | 21.04 [0.02, 18510.59] | 96% | 0.88 | 0.38 | |
| Xie et al. (2023) | 23.33 [0.16, 3324.05] | 95% | 1.24 | 0.21 | |
| Yan et al. (2021) | 12.79 [0.02, 7407.94] | 96% | 0.79 | 0.43 | |
| Zhang (2021) | 23.33 [0.16, 3324.05] | 95% | 1.24 | 0.21 | |
| Lv et al. (2020) | 122.20 [24.43, 611.35] | 0% | 5.85 | <0.00001 | |